This project focus on evaluating the process of how to make use of straw for ferment in the farmland or other recycling feasibility, in order to reduce the agricultural wastes burning and converting them into resources, then reforming them into policies. This project includes field investigation, research and administrative work. In the early stage of the project, we implemented project website. We designed, printed and passed fliers and posters when holding project activities and meetings. 6 meetings are held for the purpose of alternative agricultural wastes disposal techniques. We collect the statistical data for this project. For the disposal methods of straw, the proportion of choosing on-site buried of straw increases since 2008. And for the impact of agricultural wastes burning, 3% of the farmers considered it not affecting the air quality. And because most farmers would plant the economy crops, and they also think that plant diseases or bugs could be burn to vanish, and on-site buried of straw were considered decomposed too slow. However, we found that the straw decompose process can be accelerated, and reduce the whole process to 3-10 days by adding Bacillus Subtilis(枯草桿菌) into the rotten straws in this project. In the anaerobic ferment study, the process could also produced 200 L bio-ethanol per metric ton straw in our pilot study, but future research are strongly recommended. We also suggested that an off-site disposal may be another way to manage the straw issue in rice harvest season by proper use of the compost plant in Waipu Township. Either the on-site sampling analysis of the project and the EPA air quality monitoring data analysis shows that the agricultural straw burning increases the concentrations of suspended particulate matter in the air, it indicates that it is important to deal with this issue. After investigation and research, in order to improve the agriculture waste burning issue in the rice harvest seasons, and prevent the air quality from deterioration, we suggested the following methods: (1) Increasing the usage of Bacillus Subtilis when using on-site buried of straw, (2) Advising the farmers who replants the economy crops that they can use straw as protection cover material of their economy crops, (3) Advising the farmers to plant green manures after second seasonal harvest, and (4) Promoting the community the strength to affect changes the farmer to change the cultivating custom

agricultural wastes, On-site buried of straw, anaerobic ferment, bio-energy, open fire