EPA-99-G106-02-237

099

800 千元

2010/05/26

2010/12/31

楊磊

水保處

張志偉

社團法人台灣海洋污染防治協會

水質保護

海洋污染應變、應變合作、海峽兩岸、評估

oil spill response, response cooperation,cross-strait, assessment

蘇雅雯(秘書處)

07-7168081#14

ywsu@email.green99.com.tw

海洋污染應變區域合作為國際上公認最有效共同防治海洋污染的方法，世界各大海區亦紛紛建立區域應變合作。我國與中國大陸在近幾年的學術研討交流中，雙方的學者專家皆認為應盡早合作共同維護台灣海峽環境，並且對於未來攜手合作污染應變提出不少建議；再加上第二次江陳會談簽署「海峽兩岸海運協議」後，台灣海峽的海運航線更加交錯複雜，海上溢油污染風險將相對升高。 就兩岸海洋污染法規比較分析，中國大陸針對海洋污染管制主要以「中華人民共和國海洋環境保護法」為母法，授權對海岸工程建設、海洋石油勘探開發、船舶、廢棄物傾倒、陸源污染物等相關污染源管制及緊急應變制度，訂定實施管理辦法。我國以「海洋污染防治法」為主要管制法令。有關海洋生態保護、環境影響評估等工作，分別由不同法律規範。 因此為因應兩岸海運直航帶來的溢油高風險，雙方應積極建立海洋污染應變合作，通過建立合作管道，雙方共同擬定合作應變計畫，以維護台灣海峽環境。因兩岸溢油應變合作需遵守「臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例」之相關規定，其合作管道的建立應由主管機關指定，經海基會和海協會確認後，再與中國大陸共同研擬合作計畫。未來雙方之應變合作模式，建議可依OPRC 1990公約原則，依據各自的應變計畫、應變能量，共同研擬海上污染應變合作方案，先就雙方責任和義務做出規劃，日後隨兩岸關係的加深，逐步建立全面合作機制。且本計畫也完成了應變人員交流培訓的規劃。 隨著兩岸關係密切，海峽航道上將同時具有東西與南北雙向交通交叉橫越的複雜交通，為提早規劃防範隨之而來的船難與海水污染，尤其是航運密度高的金廈海域應規劃建置緊急應變的機制，才能有效維持海上交通安全。

海洋污染應變、應變合作、海峽兩岸、評估

期末報告(定稿本).pdf

14MB

2011/6/1 上午 12:00:00

It is internationally recognized that regional emergency cooperation in marine pollution control is the most effective way to prevent marine pollution. Such regional cooperation has been established in many of the maritime areas around the world. In recent years, both Taiwanese and mainland Chinese scholars have agreed that we all should protect the environment of the Taiwan Strait together and make many suggestions to work in partnership to promote future cooperation against pollution. In particular, by signing the Cross-Strait Sea Transport Agreement in the second Chiang-Chen talk, the shipping routes in the Taiwan Strait will be more complicated, and the risk of oil spill pollution will increase. To reduce the risk of oil spills caused by direct cross-strait shipping, we should work out a cooperation plan together with China to protect the environment of the Taiwan Strait. Comparing the laws for the prevention of marine pollution between Taiwan and mainland China, we find that the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China is the major law for marine pollution control in mainland China, which authorizes pollution control and emergency systems for such things as coastal engineering projects, undersea oil exploration, shipping, waste dumping, and pollutants from the land. In Taiwan, the Marine Pollution Control Act is the major law for marine pollution control. In addition, oceanic ecological protection, and environmental impact evaluation are specifically regulated by various laws. We should build up a channel of communication to work out a cooperation plan with China to reduce the risk caused by the heavy ocean traffic across the strait and to promote cooperation during oil spill responses. According to the regulations of the Act Governing Relations Between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area, the channel of communication must be appointed by a competent authority, confirmed by the Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS), and then the cooperation plan worked out together with China. As a cooperation model, we suggest it design according to the OPRC 1990 convention, and be based on contingency planning, manpower, and equipment so that both sides support each other. We can work out what we should do in cooperation at first; as we get to know each other, we can build up the whole cooperation plan step by step. Meanwhile, we will also work on an interactive staff-response training project. As relations across the strait become closer, the shipping routes will be more complex, and the risk of oil spills will rise. Therefore, we should work on a Taiwan Strait shipping-traffic service network to keep shipping safe in the Taiwan Strait.

oil spill response, response cooperation,cross-strait, assessment