環保專案成果報告查詢系統

專案計畫編號	EPA-101-1605-02-02
經費年度	101
計畫經費	2,100 千元
專案開始日期	2012/03/09
專案結束日期	2012/12/31
專案主持人	謝季吟
主辦單位	環檢所
承辦人	林哲雄
執行單位	國立屏東科技大學
專案分類	環境監測及檢測
中文關鍵字	底泥;底棲生物;亞致死毒性
英文關鍵字	Sediment;Sediment-dwelling organism;Sublethal effects
協同主持人
共同主持人	劉俊宏
計畫聯絡人	謝季吟
計畫聯絡電話	08-7703202#7089
計畫聯絡信箱	chiying@mail.npust.edu.tw

中文摘要	底泥為表水污染物長久累積的儲存庫，污染底泥對許多水域可能導致生態或人類健康風險。傳統利用化學分析方法檢測污染物時，由於污染物種類繁多且性質差異性均會造成化學分析的誤差，再加上耗時費力，無法反應全底泥(whole sediment)對生物可能造成的不利影響及導致生態風險。為釐清化學物質與生物反應之相關性，利用底泥毒性測試來評估存在污染物質對底棲生物的危害，提供潛在毒性相關資訊已成為歐美各國對了解底泥潛在關切化學物質(chemicals of potential concern, COPCs)之測定是否足夠評估所衍生之生態風險的必要手段。目前本團隊利用於實驗室中已馴養之特定大小之端足蟲(Hyalella azteca)或大鱗泥鰍(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)暴露於模擬溪流流動情形之自動或手動更水式毒性測試系統，進行生物受底泥潛在關切化學物質(chemicals of potential concern, COPCs)綜合效應影響下，其可能對個體或族群之生長或繁殖效應之影響，並以參考底泥為測試生物體健康程度之品保品管依據，適時的觀察測試系統的穩定性。本計畫之主要目的為進行兩種底泥慢毒性試驗技術之開發，以評估生物長期暴露於中低度污染底泥潛在關切物質之慢毒性效應，未來可提供底泥時之可能生物效應之相關資訊。目前已於實驗室成功建立端足目(Hyalella azteca)存活/成長/繁殖效應與鰍科大鱗泥鰍(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)成長/繁殖效應毒性測試之技術，試驗終期H. azteca存活率皆符合規範值80%，結果顯示兩測試物種均適合當作底泥慢毒性測試物種，然而仍有改善空間以確保變異最小化。另外，本計劃之另一目標為運用此兩種生物進行6個水域系統20個樣站，包含H1、H3、H10、S1、S2、2、4、9、49、13、22、30、33、SY1、SY11、YKR2、YKR5、LKR2、LKR4及A1之底泥樣品中污染物對生物所產生長期生長及繁殖效應的探討。試驗結果顯示有55%樣站H.azteca之存活率低於50%，其中以S1樣站存活率僅有12.5%為最低，測站30之存活率最高，根據暴露28天存活率結果顯示環境樣站底泥對於H. azteca 具有一定之危害性。成長效應評估結果顯示，暴露於樣品28天之H. azteca樣品重量介於0.1133 ~ 0.5060 mg/ 個體間，體長則介於3.26±0.16 ~ 5.38±0.52mm，推測與H. azteca 主要是攝食底泥中有機質為養分。暴露於樣品之個體有80%之體重低於控制組(暴露於配方底泥)重量，但僅有25%體長低於控制組，顯示底泥中污染物會抑制H. azteca 的成長。第35天、42天之繁殖效應，結果顯示控制組(暴露於配方底泥) 平均子代產出為14.15 幼仔/母體，除了測站LKR2為72.2 幼仔/母體外，其餘底泥樣品之平均子代均低於控制組，可得知底泥受污染程度對繁殖效應亦有影響。但本計劃底泥樣品之H.azteca生物存活率與子代產出率卻未有明顯正相關。大鱗泥鰍毒性試驗手動更水式系統為一每日可固定換水50%之暴露缸(45×15×30 cm)，實驗期間水質條件控制水溫28±1 ℃、日光照週期為12D：12L，並裝置有打氣設備，以維持溶氧達5 mg/L以上。由試驗結果來看，泥鰍早期生活史階段似乎比稚魚階段對污染物的耐受性差，因此認為繁殖力做為底泥污染的評估比成長表現更為敏感。試驗結果中僅A1樣點的底泥對泥鰍繁殖力或成長表現皆沒有任何明顯的影響。而S1、S2、H1、H3、H10、2、4、、9、49、13、22、30、33、SY1、SY2、YK2、YK5、LKR2、LKR4皆會造成泥鰍魚卵受精率及魚苗孵化率明顯降低；但對泥鰍造成負面影響的僅有S1、2、4、30、33、SY1、SY2、YK2、YK5及LKR樣站底泥。本計劃結果顯示所使用評估慢毒性的兩種物種均可靈敏的偵測污染底泥之亞致死效應。
中文關鍵字	底泥;底棲生物;亞致死毒性

中文摘要

底泥為表水污染物長久累積的儲存庫，污染底泥對許多水域可能導致生態或人類健康風險。傳統利用化學分析方法檢測污染物時，由於污染物種類繁多且性質差異性均會造成化學分析的誤差，再加上耗時費力，無法反應全底泥(whole sediment)對生物可能造成的不利影響及導致生態風險。為釐清化學物質與生物反應之相關性，利用底泥毒性測試來評估存在污染物質對底棲生物的危害，提供潛在毒性相關資訊已成為歐美各國對了解底泥潛在關切化學物質(chemicals of potential concern, COPCs)之測定是否足夠評估所衍生之生態風險的必要手段。目前本團隊利用於實驗室中已馴養之特定大小之端足蟲(Hyalella azteca)或大鱗泥鰍(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)暴露於模擬溪流流動情形之自動或手動更水式毒性測試系統，進行生物受底泥潛在關切化學物質(chemicals of potential concern, COPCs)綜合效應影響下，其可能對個體或族群之生長或繁殖效應之影響，並以參考底泥為測試生物體健康程度之品保品管依據，適時的觀察測試系統的穩定性。本計畫之主要目的為進行兩種底泥慢毒性試驗技術之開發，以評估生物長期暴露於中低度污染底泥潛在關切物質之慢毒性效應，未來可提供底泥時之可能生物效應之相關資訊。目前已於實驗室成功建立端足目(Hyalella azteca)存活/成長/繁殖效應與鰍科大鱗泥鰍(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)成長/繁殖效應毒性測試之技術，試驗終期H. azteca存活率皆符合規範值80%，結果顯示兩測試物種均適合當作底泥慢毒性測試物種，然而仍有改善空間以確保變異最小化。另外，本計劃之另一目標為運用此兩種生物進行6個水域系統20個樣站，包含H1、H3、H10、S1、S2、2、4、9、49、13、22、30、33、SY1、SY11、YKR2、YKR5、LKR2、LKR4及A1之底泥樣品中污染物對生物所產生長期生長及繁殖效應的探討。試驗結果顯示有55%樣站H.azteca之存活率低於50%，其中以S1樣站存活率僅有12.5%為最低，測站30之存活率最高，根據暴露28天存活率結果顯示環境樣站底泥對於H. azteca 具有一定之危害性。成長效應評估結果顯示，暴露於樣品28天之H. azteca樣品重量介於0.1133 ~ 0.5060 mg/ 個體間，體長則介於3.26±0.16 ~ 5.38±0.52mm，推測與H. azteca 主要是攝食底泥中有機質為養分。暴露於樣品之個體有80%之體重低於控制組(暴露於配方底泥)重量，但僅有25%體長低於控制組，顯示底泥中污染物會抑制H. azteca 的成長。第35天、42天之繁殖效應，結果顯示控制組(暴露於配方底泥) 平均子代產出為14.15 幼仔/母體，除了測站LKR2為72.2 幼仔/母體外，其餘底泥樣品之平均子代均低於控制組，可得知底泥受污染程度對繁殖效應亦有影響。但本計劃底泥樣品之H.azteca生物存活率與子代產出率卻未有明顯正相關。大鱗泥鰍毒性試驗手動更水式系統為一每日可固定換水50%之暴露缸(45×15×30 cm)，實驗期間水質條件控制水溫28±1 ℃、日光照週期為12D：12L，並裝置有打氣設備，以維持溶氧達5 mg/L以上。由試驗結果來看，泥鰍早期生活史階段似乎比稚魚階段對污染物的耐受性差，因此認為繁殖力做為底泥污染的評估比成長表現更為敏感。試驗結果中僅A1樣點的底泥對泥鰍繁殖力或成長表現皆沒有任何明顯的影響。而S1、S2、H1、H3、H10、2、4、、9、49、13、22、30、33、SY1、SY2、YK2、YK5、LKR2、LKR4皆會造成泥鰍魚卵受精率及魚苗孵化率明顯降低；但對泥鰍造成負面影響的僅有S1、2、4、30、33、SY1、SY2、YK2、YK5及LKR樣站底泥。本計劃結果顯示所使用評估慢毒性的兩種物種均可靈敏的偵測污染底泥之亞致死效應。

中文關鍵字

底泥;底棲生物;亞致死毒性

類型	檔名	檔案大小	說明	最新版公開日期
期末報告	底泥生物慢毒性檢測技術開發計畫期末報告.pdf	9MB		2013/3/1 上午 12:00:00

摘要	In this research, we assessed the chronic toxicity of sediment-associated chemicals of potential concern(COPCs) on the sediment-dwelling organism. The measurement of survival/ growth/reproduction of H. azteca and growth/fecundity of Paramisgurnus dabryanus exposed to formulated sediment and field sediment were reported. Our results showed two whole sediment chronic toxicity experiments with an amphipods (H. azteca ; 42-day exposure) and cobitidae (Paramisgurnus dabryanus; two months exposure) for measuring effects on survival/growth/reproduction was successfully developed. In addition, the parameters including fish eggs fertilization rate, hatching rate and embryo development were also evaluated in the Paramisgurnus dabryanus sediment toxicity test. Our study observed that the amphipod survival was 80% greater than the minimum control survival for test acceptability. However, the procedures require further refinement to ensure the minimum variation. In addition, the evaluation of the sublethal effects of 20 samples (H1, H3, H10, S1, S2, 2, 4, 9, 49, 13, 22, 30, 33, SY1, SY11, YKR2,YKR5, LK-R-2, LKR4 and A1) collected from six watersheds using a 42-day whole-sediment toxicity test with the amphipod Hyalella azteca (28-day sediment exposure followed by a 14-day water-only exposure ) and a large-scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) were reported. Toxic effects on 60% samples the amphipod survival rates were below 80% of 20 field-collected sediment samples. The lowest survival rate was only 12.5% observed in site S1 and the highest survival rate was found from the site 30. Weight and body length of amphipods after the 28-day exposure was reduced compared to the control group in 80% and 25% of the samples, respectively. The average reproduction ratio (number of young/female) of amphipods at Day 35 and 42 is 13.54 (offspring/ female) reduced relative to the control (14.15 offspring/ female) with the exception of one sample at site LKR2 . As for the Paramisgurnus dabryanus sediment toxicity test, early life stage of loach results shown it has less tolerance toward contamination compared to the juvenile stage according to the egg fertilization rate and larval hatching rate which were more sensitive than the growth performance indicator of loach exposing to the field sediments. No negative impact on the indicators of reproduction and growth performance of loach was found with the exception of the sediment sample collected from A1 site. Sediment samples collected from the other nineteen sites are significantly affect the egg fertilization rate and larval hatching rate of loach. Furthermore, the 10 of above sediment samples, including S1, 2, 4, 30, 33, SY1, SY2, YK2, YK5 and LKR, have negative effect on the growth performance of loach compared to control group. The results suggest the potential and sensitivity using these two species in sediment chronic toxicity tests and the application to the sublethal effects of contaminants in the sediments.
英文關鍵字	Sediment;Sediment-dwelling organism;Sublethal effects

摘要

In this research, we assessed the chronic toxicity of sediment-associated chemicals of potential concern(COPCs) on the sediment-dwelling organism. The measurement of survival/ growth/reproduction of H. azteca and growth/fecundity of Paramisgurnus dabryanus exposed to formulated sediment and field sediment were reported. Our results showed two whole sediment chronic toxicity experiments with an amphipods (H. azteca ; 42-day exposure) and cobitidae (Paramisgurnus dabryanus; two months exposure) for measuring effects on survival/growth/reproduction was successfully developed. In addition, the parameters including fish eggs fertilization rate, hatching rate and embryo development were also evaluated in the Paramisgurnus dabryanus sediment toxicity test. Our study observed that the amphipod survival was 80% greater than the minimum control survival for test acceptability. However, the procedures require further refinement to ensure the minimum variation. In addition, the evaluation of the sublethal effects of 20 samples (H1, H3, H10, S1, S2, 2, 4, 9, 49, 13, 22, 30, 33, SY1, SY11, YKR2,YKR5, LK-R-2, LKR4 and A1) collected from six watersheds using a 42-day whole-sediment toxicity test with the amphipod Hyalella azteca (28-day sediment exposure followed by a 14-day water-only exposure ) and a large-scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) were reported. Toxic effects on 60% samples the amphipod survival rates were below 80% of 20 field-collected sediment samples. The lowest survival rate was only 12.5% observed in site S1 and the highest survival rate was found from the site 30. Weight and body length of amphipods after the 28-day exposure was reduced compared to the control group in 80% and 25% of the samples, respectively. The average reproduction ratio (number of young/female) of amphipods at Day 35 and 42 is 13.54 (offspring/ female) reduced relative to the control (14.15 offspring/ female) with the exception of one sample at site LKR2 . As for the Paramisgurnus dabryanus sediment toxicity test, early life stage of loach results shown it has less tolerance toward contamination compared to the juvenile stage according to the egg fertilization rate and larval hatching rate which were more sensitive than the growth performance indicator of loach exposing to the field sediments. No negative impact on the indicators of reproduction and growth performance of loach was found with the exception of the sediment sample collected from A1 site. Sediment samples collected from the other nineteen sites are significantly affect the egg fertilization rate and larval hatching rate of loach. Furthermore, the 10 of above sediment samples, including S1, 2, 4, 30, 33, SY1, SY2, YK2, YK5 and LKR, have negative effect on the growth performance of loach compared to control group. The results suggest the potential and sensitivity using these two species in sediment chronic toxicity tests and the application to the sublethal effects of contaminants in the sediments.

英文關鍵字

Sediment;Sediment-dwelling organism;Sublethal effects