EPA-100-L101-02-202

101

38,000 千元

2011/01/07

2012/12/31

吳坤立

監資處

呂承洋

清華科技檢驗股份有限公司

環境監測及檢測

水質監測;水質標準;方法偵測極限

Water Quality Monitoring;Water Quality Standards;Method Detection Limit

許姝羚

03-5545022#215

meg@tsing-hua.com.tw

本計畫主要針對中區五縣市各類水體水質監測，掌握各水體水質隨時間的變化趨勢，並進行各水體污染評估分析，以提供環保單位污染防治決策之參考。 河川水質計有19條河川主支流，73個監測站，每月監測一次。河川水質監測結果，今年度以後龍溪、西湖溪、大安溪與大甲溪流域水質狀況相對較佳，全年屬未 (稍) 受污染等級達 67.3 % 以上，而鹿港溪、新虎尾溪及北港溪流域屬中度污染至嚴重等級占較高比例。中區河川大致以上游水質較佳，下游氨氮污染濃度較高。今年度 5 月至 9 月份中部地區累積降雨量較高，河道受沖刷影響，部分河川懸浮固體偏高，如大安溪流域、大甲溪流域、烏溪流域、濁水溪流域、新虎尾溪流域及北港溪流域等，造成水質轉差。濁水溪流域因流經地質特性之故，水質於平日即呈現灰色混濁。整體而言，今年度中部地區河川水水質屬未 (稍) 受污染等級占最高比例為 44.4 %，中度污染等級占次高比例為 38.5 %。 海域水質方面計有 4 個沿海海域，每季監測一次。新竹香山沿海、台中港沿海及彰濱沿海屬乙類海域環境水體，雲林沿海海域屬於甲類海域環境水體，今年度監測結果與海域海洋環境品質標準進行比較，監測結果大致符合所屬各類海域海洋環境品質標準，僅於第四季新竹香山沿海各測站及台中港沿海大安溪口測站溶氧量未符合乙類海域海洋環境品質標準。今年度第一季至第二季監測期間，彰濱沿海以南海域，部分測站懸浮固體測值偏高，為歷年最高測值；第二季及第三季水質狀況大致較第一季及第四季為佳，整體水質趨勢與歷年相似。 海灘水質今年度監測崎頂海與通霄 2 座海水浴場，今年度5次監測結果，水質分級結果屬優良級比例均為 60 %；海灘水質易受降雨及河川匯流之影響，造成水質結果變動。 水庫水質計有8座水庫，每季監測一次。今年度監測結果，各水庫監測項目均有未符合甲類陸域地面水體水質標準。中區水庫以日月潭水庫水屬貧養至普養等級占較高比例 ( 75 % 至 25 % ) ；永和山水庫與德基水庫，屬貧養至普養等級各占 50 %；霧社水庫屬貧養至普養等級占 33 % 至 67 %；鯉魚潭水庫屬貧養至普養等級占 25 % 至 75 %；大埔水庫屬普養等級；明德水庫及頭社水庫屬普養至優養等級占 75 % 至 25 %。 地下水水質監測計有 5 縣市，97個監測井，今年度監測結果，超過地下水第二類監測標準之項目與歷年結果相近，主要以氨氮、鐵及錳為主。地下水揮發性有機物監測結果，僅一口監測井之三氯乙烯及順1,2-二氯乙烯測項超過地下水第二類污染管制標準。中部地區監測井整體以彰化縣及雲林縣境內監測井之氨氮測值，較其他縣市之測值為高。各地下水監測井之水質，以Stiff水質形狀圖方式評估，屬Ca2＋及HCO3－凸出型占最高比例，為 64.5 %，Piper圖解則屬I區占最高比例，為 50.0 %，與歷年評析結果大致呈現一致趨勢。

水質監測;水質標準;方法偵測極限

EAP100L10102202(101年度).pdf

11MB

2013/3/1 上午 12:00:00

The aim of this project was to properly understand the changing trend of water quality in those types of water bodies over the passage of time by monitoring the water quality of rivers, beach, oceans, reservoirs and groundwater in the five counties located in the central part of Taiwan. Furthermore, these data can provide information for the Environmental Protection Organization to devise a pollution control policy by evaluation and analysis for the pollution of all water bodies. The 73 water-monitoring stations spreading among the 19 rivers were established, and the water quality was monitored once per month. The data obtained of this year showed that there were 67.3% stations categorized to non(slightly)-polluted level, including the Houlong River, Sihu river, Da-an River and Dajia River Basins, which consisted of relatively superior water quality; on the contrary, there were many stations (higher ratios than other basins) categorized to moderately- or severely-polluted level, including the Lugang River, Sin Huwei River and Beigang River Basins. As for the rivers in the central Taiwan, the water quality of the upstream was generally superior, while the higher ammonia nitrogen concentrations of the downstream were observed. In the central Taiwan, a relatively high accumulative precipitation from May to September was observed than in other months during this year. However, the riverbeds were washed away, resulting in slightly higher concentrations of suspended solids in some rivers, such as the rivers in the basins of Da-an River, Dajia River, Wu River, Jhuoshuei River, Sin Huwei River and Beigang River, the worse water quality was observed. Because of geological characteristics in the Jhuoshuei River Basin, the color of water may be grey and murky on regular days. In 2012, there were 44.4% non(slightly)-polluted (the highest ratio in the category) and 38.5% moderately-polluted level (the second high ratio in the category) stations in central Taiwan, respectively. In terms of water monitoring of sea area, there were four coastal seas monitored once every season. The coastal water quality of offshore Hsinchu Xiangshan, Taichung Harbor and Changpin Coastal area (Changhua) was classified as Class-B marine environment water body, and that of offshore Yunlin was classified as Class-A ones, respectively. The monitoring results during this year showed that the most findings can meet the marine environment quality standard for categorized seawaters, except in the fourth quarter, the dissolved oxygen item of all stations spreading offshore Hsinchu Xiangshan and the Da-an River mouth station in Taichung Harbor coastal area could not meet the Class-B marine environment quality standard.During the first and second seasons of monitoring, the relatively higher values of suspension solids in some parts where in the waters south of the Changpin coastal area (Changhua) were observed, which were the highest values measured in years. To sum up, the water quality in the second and third seasons was better than that in the first and fourth seasons, the findings were similar to past years. Water quality of two beaches, including Qiding and West-Ocean Educational Sea World was monitored during this year. The monitoring by five times during this year showed that the ratio of water quality classification for both these beaches was 60%, which was classified as "Good" category. The rapid changes of water quality of these beaches were observed, which may result from rainfall and merging river flows. The water quality of eight reservoirs was monitored once every season. The respective monitoring results showed that not all items met the water quality criteria of Class-A. In terms of the eight reservoirs in central Taiwan, the water quality of the Jih-Yueh-Tan Reservoir showed that the ratio of which was classified as oligotrophe and mesotrophe were 75% and 25%, respectively. Secondly, the ones in the Yung-Ho-Shan Reservoir and Te-Chi Reservoir were 50% and 50%, respectively. Similarly, those of which was classified as oligotrophe and mesotrophe in the Wu-She Reservoir were 33% and 67%, the ones in the Li-Yu-Tan Reservoir were 25% and 70%, respectively. Specially, the water quality in the Ta-Pu Reservoir was classified as mesotrophe. Eventually, the ratio which was classified as mesotrophe and eutrophe of Ming-Te Reservoir and Tou-She Reservoir were 75% and 25%, respectively. The groundwater quality monitoring was conducted through 97 wells spread across five counties. The results obtained during this year showed that the main findings including ammonia nitrogen, iron, and manganese, exceeding groundwater Class-B monitoring criteria were similar as those reported in previous years. Moreover, the monitoring of volatile organic compounds in the groundwater showed that there was only one well exceeded the second category groundwater pollution control standard of trichloroethylene and cis-1, 2-dichloroethylene, respectively. The overall ammonia nitrogen concentrations measured in wells of central Taiwan in Changhua County and Yunlin County were higher than those in other counties. According to the assessment of water quality of all monitored wells, the highest percentage was 64.5% for Ca2+ and HCO3- using Stiff-plotting analysis. While the Piper-plotting method showed that there was 50.0%, the highest ratio, in Area I, the results were consistent with those conducted in the past years.

Water Quality Monitoring;Water Quality Standards;Method Detection Limit