EPA-102-L101-02-203

102

60,000 千元

2012/12/28

2015/03/31

蔡俊銘

監資處

呂澄洋

中環科技事業股份有限公司

環境監測及檢測

水質監測、水質標準、方法偵測極限

Water Quality Monitoring, Water Quality Standards, Method Detection Limit

賴映方

楊靜子

07-8152248#847

chingz.yang@gmail.com

　　本計畫主要針對南區七縣市各類水體水質監測，掌握各水體水質時間變化趨勢，並進行各水體污染評估分析，以提供環保單位污染防治決策之參考。 　　河川水質計有29條河川主支流，99個監測站，於每月監測一次，102至104年監測結果顯示，以曾文溪流域及屏東縣、台東縣河川水質狀況最佳，而二仁溪及阿公店溪流域屬嚴重污染等級占較高比例。各年度1月至4月普遍無明顯降雨屬枯水期，河水乾涸，河川污染物濃度偏高，造成嚴重污染比例偏高，6月至9月則因降雨豐沛，懸浮固體偏高，以致未(稍)受污染程度偏低，中度污染程度超過50%。整體而言，南部地區河川水水質屬中度污染等級占最高比例約35%，未(稍)受污染等級占次高比例約30%，水質狀況與歷年差異不大。 　　海域水質計有8個沿海區域，42個監測站，於每季監測一次，各季沿岸測站受河口感潮影響，無機鹽類濃度較高，除東港溪出海口之氨氮，以及大鵬灣沿海之pH測值外，其餘各季各測站測值均符合其所屬類別之海域海洋環境品質標準。僅第三季、第四季監測期間因降雨量增加，鹽度及部分重金屬測值與歷年略有差異。 　　海灘水質計有6～7個海灘，18～21個監測站，於6月至8月監測，除颱風過境降雨沖刷影響，水質較差外，其餘各梯次普遍均為優良級，其中水質以澎湖境內海灘較佳。 　　水庫水質計有17個水庫，45個監測站，於每季監測一次，除嘉義縣蘭潭水庫、仁義潭水庫、曾文水庫、台南市烏山頭水庫、南化水庫，高雄市阿公店水庫及屏東縣牡丹水庫普遍呈現普養狀態外，其餘各水庫均有超過一半的比例呈現優養狀態，其中以鳳山水庫優養情形最為嚴重。 　　地下水水質計有7縣市，201～202個監測井，各縣市超過監測標準之比率介於18.2%～85.0%，其中超過地下水第二類監測標準之項目與歷年結果相近，主要以氨氮、鐵及錳為主。各監測井之水質，以Stiff水質形狀圖方式評估，屬HCO3－+CO32－及Ca2＋凸出型占最高比例約為65%～70%，Piper圖解則屬I區占最高比例約為65%～70%，各年度評析結果大致呈現一致趨勢。

水質監測、水質標準、方法偵測極限

EPA-102-L101-02-203(期末報告).pdf

17MB

2015/6/1 上午 12:00:00

　　The main goal of this project is to monitor the water quality of nine cities and counties in the southern area of Taiwan, and to analyze the degree of pollution in various bodies of water so that trends in water quality can be observed. The result of this investigation can provide grounds for policy making to environmental protection authorities. 　　For river quality, 99 sampling sites covering 29 rivers (including main streams and tributaries) were monitored monthly. The results monitored from 2013 to 2015 showed that the water quality in the area of Zeng-Wen river and rivers at Ping-Dong county, Tai-Dong county were the best, the area of Er-Ren river and A-Gong-Dian river were found in relatively high extent of pollution. Since there was a major water shortage this year, specifically, a lack of rainfall from January to May, parts of some rivers were nearly dried up, so test results for most pollutants were high, and thus the percentage of serious pollution would tend to look high. Due to a lot of rainfall from June to September, the suspended solids in the rivers tend to be high thus the percentage of unpolluted rivers is low and over 50% of the results indicated the rivers were intermediately polluted. As a whole, the highest percentage of the water quality in the southern Area of Taiwan is about 35%, it belongs to intermediately polluted rivers. The next is about 30%, it belongs to unpolluted rivers, and overall water quality is nondifference between the recent years. 　　For ocean monitoring, 42 sampling sites covering eight coastal areas were monitored quarterly. Since the estuary areas were affected by the river during high tide, the concentrations of the inorganic salts were high. The results monitored from 2013 to 2015 showed that most monitoring data could meet quality criteria of each category, except the results of ammonia nitrogen and pH monitored at estuary areas of Dong-Gang river and Da-Peng Bay. Because of typhoon coming in 3rd and 4th quarters, there are some index including salinity and some metals different with the past results. 　　Eighteen to twenty-one sampling sites covering six to seven beaches were monitored from June to August. The results monitored form 2013 to 2015 showed that most monitoring data could show excellent level. The monitoring of each beach showed that water qualities were worse might be affected by rainfall. As a whole, Beaches at Peng-Hu had the best water quality. 　　Forty-five sampling sites covering 17 water reservoirs were monitored quarterly. The results monitored from 2013 to 2015 showed that most results of Lan-Tan Reservoir, Ren-Yi-Tan Reservoir, Wu-Shan-Tou Reservoir, Wu-San-To Reservoir, Nan-Hua Reservoir, A-Gong-Dian Reservoir, and Mu-Dan Reservoir were showed mesotrophic level. The other reservoirs belong to eutrophic level over 50%, Feng- Shan Reservoir where the water quality was the worst belonged to eutrophic level. 　　Ammonia nitrogen, iron, and manganese were the major analytes with results that reached the regulatory monitoring criteria in 201 to 202 ground water sampling sites for the six cities and counties being monitored quarterly. The failing rates are between 18.2% to 85.0% for different cities and counties. To analyze graphically each monitoring item by Stiff-plotting and Piper-plotting showed the same trend from 2011 to 2012. To analyze graphically each monitoring item by Stiff-plotting and Piper-plotting showed a trend as same as last two years, there is no significant difference compared to the past. The highest percentage of Stiff-plotting and Piper-plotting is about 65% to 70%, it belongs to HCO3－+CO32─- Ca2＋ type and area of I.

Water Quality Monitoring, Water Quality Standards, Method Detection Limit