環保專案成果報告查詢系統

專案計畫編號	EPA-102-1602-02-01
經費年度	102
計畫經費	3,620 千元
專案開始日期	2013/03/04
專案結束日期	2013/12/31
專案主持人	蔡春進
主辦單位	環檢所
承辦人	陳重方
執行單位	國立交通大學
專案分類	環境監測及檢測
中文關鍵字	奈米微粒採樣及化學分析;奈米微粒質量平衡;奈米物質環境安全衛生
英文關鍵字	nanoparticle sampling and analysis;mass closure of nanoparticles;EHS of nanomaterials
協同主持人	許世傑
共同主持人
計畫聯絡人	洪毅弘
計畫聯絡電話	03-5712121#55524
計畫聯絡信箱	hih1030@gmail.com

中文摘要	本研究持續至新莊、中山及竹東三個空氣品質監測站採集大氣PM樣本，並結合前期計畫的數據，對各測站的微粒粒徑分佈、質量濃度、水溶性離子成分、金屬成分的季節變化及汙染物來源作整合分析。本研究也針對空品測站貝他計PM2.5測值和本研究手動採樣結果間系統性誤差成因作深入探討。結果顯示貝他計(beta attenuation monitor, BAM)所使用的玻璃纖維濾紙吸附酸氣所造成的正向干擾為造成其PM2.5測值高估的主因。建議未來以獲FEM認證之機種取代測站現有未獲FEM認證之BAM，或將BAM所使用的濾紙更換為不易吸附酸氣的鐵氟龍材質濾紙。為了評估手動採樣器與自動即時監儀器之間的PM2.5量測誤差以及探討傳統濾紙採樣器可能產生的採樣干擾，本研究也利用本團隊過去自行開發的多濾紙PM10-PM2.5採樣器(Multi-Filter PM10-PM2.5 Sampler, MFPPS)和市售之手動採樣器(WINS PM2.5 sampler, Dichot)及自動即時監測器TEOM-FDMS (tapered element oscillating microbalance with filter dynamic measurement system)進行比對採樣。研究結果顯示，手動採樣在採樣過程中確實會因為微粒揮發而造成負向誤差的問題，且此揮發量會隨濾紙過濾速度的增加或是濾紙上微粒量降低而提高。這些揮發性物質之中以無機鹽類為主，有機物質揮發不明顯。TEOM-FDMS和手動採樣器比對的結果顯示，前者可確實修正採樣誤差，提供正確的PM2.5測值，故本研究也編撰了該儀器之標準操作程序，可供國內將來欲使用TEOM-FDMS之相關單位作參考。在探討奈米產品使用中可能產生的奈米微粒逸散的研究方面，本研究發現市售三種奈米銀襪清洗後的空氣逸散量與水中金屬釋放量皆明顯降低。本研究也另外分析襪子在不同部位的含銀量，結果顯示銀含量最多的地方為襪子的腳趾部位。在本研究所測試的三雙襪子中，僅其中一雙列於(Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, PEN)網頁中的襪子腳趾部測出有較多的銀含量，其值為567.98 μg Ag/g sock，且此襪子有良好的抑菌效果。而另外兩雙襪子中的其中一雙具有台灣奈米標章，另一雙則無，此兩雙襪子所測出之含銀量均相當低分別為2.74與7.82 μg Ag/g sock，且抑菌效果不佳，與文獻中的銀含量大於 18 μg Ag/g sock才具有明顯抑菌效的結果相符。最後本研究也評估以雷射剝蝕感應耦合電漿質譜儀(LA-ICP-MS)分析添加內標物之標準品來定量環境微粒樣品中金屬濃度之技術的可行性。結果顯示大部分之金屬元素(如Sn、Sb、Pb) 以添加聚合物後之標準品所做出的檢量線均能有良好的線性關係(R2 > 0.90)，且不同批次檢量線的穩定性良好。本團隊進一步利用LA-ICP-MS技術分析雪山隧道所採集的樣本，發現該技術確實可有效、快速地分析樣本中的金屬元素成分。預期未來可將該技術用於探討短時間內的金屬濃度變化之相關研究。
中文關鍵字	奈米微粒採樣及化學分析;奈米微粒質量平衡;奈米物質環境安全衛生

中文摘要

本研究持續至新莊、中山及竹東三個空氣品質監測站採集大氣PM樣本，並結合前期計畫的數據，對各測站的微粒粒徑分佈、質量濃度、水溶性離子成分、金屬成分的季節變化及汙染物來源作整合分析。本研究也針對空品測站貝他計PM2.5測值和本研究手動採樣結果間系統性誤差成因作深入探討。結果顯示貝他計(beta attenuation monitor, BAM)所使用的玻璃纖維濾紙吸附酸氣所造成的正向干擾為造成其PM2.5測值高估的主因。建議未來以獲FEM認證之機種取代測站現有未獲FEM認證之BAM，或將BAM所使用的濾紙更換為不易吸附酸氣的鐵氟龍材質濾紙。為了評估手動採樣器與自動即時監儀器之間的PM2.5量測誤差以及探討傳統濾紙採樣器可能產生的採樣干擾，本研究也利用本團隊過去自行開發的多濾紙PM10-PM2.5採樣器(Multi-Filter PM10-PM2.5 Sampler, MFPPS)和市售之手動採樣器(WINS PM2.5 sampler, Dichot)及自動即時監測器TEOM-FDMS (tapered element oscillating microbalance with filter dynamic measurement system)進行比對採樣。研究結果顯示，手動採樣在採樣過程中確實會因為微粒揮發而造成負向誤差的問題，且此揮發量會隨濾紙過濾速度的增加或是濾紙上微粒量降低而提高。這些揮發性物質之中以無機鹽類為主，有機物質揮發不明顯。TEOM-FDMS和手動採樣器比對的結果顯示，前者可確實修正採樣誤差，提供正確的PM2.5測值，故本研究也編撰了該儀器之標準操作程序，可供國內將來欲使用TEOM-FDMS之相關單位作參考。在探討奈米產品使用中可能產生的奈米微粒逸散的研究方面，本研究發現市售三種奈米銀襪清洗後的空氣逸散量與水中金屬釋放量皆明顯降低。本研究也另外分析襪子在不同部位的含銀量，結果顯示銀含量最多的地方為襪子的腳趾部位。在本研究所測試的三雙襪子中，僅其中一雙列於(Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, PEN)網頁中的襪子腳趾部測出有較多的銀含量，其值為567.98 μg Ag/g sock，且此襪子有良好的抑菌效果。而另外兩雙襪子中的其中一雙具有台灣奈米標章，另一雙則無，此兩雙襪子所測出之含銀量均相當低分別為2.74與7.82 μg Ag/g sock，且抑菌效果不佳，與文獻中的銀含量大於 18 μg Ag/g sock才具有明顯抑菌效的結果相符。最後本研究也評估以雷射剝蝕感應耦合電漿質譜儀(LA-ICP-MS)分析添加內標物之標準品來定量環境微粒樣品中金屬濃度之技術的可行性。結果顯示大部分之金屬元素(如Sn、Sb、Pb) 以添加聚合物後之標準品所做出的檢量線均能有良好的線性關係(R2 > 0.90)，且不同批次檢量線的穩定性良好。本團隊進一步利用LA-ICP-MS技術分析雪山隧道所採集的樣本，發現該技術確實可有效、快速地分析樣本中的金屬元素成分。預期未來可將該技術用於探討短時間內的金屬濃度變化之相關研究。

中文關鍵字

奈米微粒採樣及化學分析;奈米微粒質量平衡;奈米物質環境安全衛生

類型	檔名	檔案大小	說明	最新版公開日期
期末報告	EPA-102-1602-02-01.pdf	10MB		2014/2/1 上午 12:00:00

摘要	This study continuously conducted ambient aerosol sampling at three Taiwan air monitoring stations (TAMSs), namely Sinjhuang, Jhongshan, and Judong stations. The sampling data were also incorporated with those from previous project for analyzing the seasonal variation of particle size distribution, mass concentration, composition of water-soluble ions, and metal compositions, etc. for each station. Measurement difference between the PM2.5 concentrations measured by the dichotomous sampler (PM2.5,D) and those by the beta attenuation monitor (BAM, PM2.5,B) which is used in the TAMS was also investigated. Results show that the major reason for the systematic overestimation of PM2.5,B is the positive artifact due to acid gases adsorption by the glass fiber filter tape used by the BAM. It is suggested that the current non-FEM-designated BAMs used in the TAMS should be replaced by those with FEM designation or the glass fiber filter tapes used in the BAM should be replaced by those made by the material which is inert to acid gases adsorption such as Teflon filter. In order to evaluate the PM2.5 measurement difference between manual samplers and real-time monitors and to investigate the sampling artifacts of traditional filter-based samplers, a home-made multi-filter PM10-PM2.5 sampler (MFPPS) was collocated with the commercial available manual samplers (Dichot and WINS PM2.5 sampler) and a tapered element oscillating microbalance-filter dynamic measurement system (TEOM-FDMS) at National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) campus and Judong air monitoring station for sampling comparison. Results show that the evaporation loss is severe during sampling process for filter-based sampler, and is increases with an increasing filter face velocity and a decreasing particle loading amount on the filter. For these two sampling sites, the major volatile components were found to be inorganic species, while the evaporation loss in organic matter was insignificant. The results of the comparison between TEOM-FDMS and manual samplers show that the former is able to correct sampling artifact and therefore to provide an accurate PM2.5 measurement. Hence, the standard operation procedure of the TEOM-FDMS was also edited in a hope to provide a reference to the community who intends to apply the TEOM-FDMS in the future. For the assessment of nanoparticle emission during the use of nanoparticle incorporated products, it is found that for the three commercial available Ag-socks tested in this study, both the number concentration of nanoparticles emitted into the air and the amount of metal released into the water decreased after they have been washed. The Ag amounts contained in different parts of the sock were also measured, in which the toe part was found to have the highest amount. Among these three types of socks tested in this study, only the one listed in the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN) web site was found to have a significant Ag amount (567.98 μg Ag / g sock) in the toe part of the sock, and its antibacterial ability was found to be good. However, the other two types of socks, one has the Taiwan nano-mark and the other has none, were found to have a very little Ag amount (2.74 and 7.82 μg Ag / g sock), and their antibacterial ability were found to be poor. Finally, the feasibility of quantifying the metal concentration in ambient aerosol sample by the technique of using the Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to analysis the internal standard sample was also evaluated. Results show that the calibration curves of most of the metal elements have good correlation (R2 > 0.9), and the results from different tests are stable. This technique was further validated by analyzing the aerosol sampler collected in Syueshan highway tunnel. Results show that this technique is able to analyze the metal elements in aerosol sample efficiently and quickly. It is expected that the LA-ICP-MS technique can be used to measure the time-varying metal concentration with a short time interval.
英文關鍵字	nanoparticle sampling and analysis;mass closure of nanoparticles;EHS of nanomaterials

摘要

This study continuously conducted ambient aerosol sampling at three Taiwan air monitoring stations (TAMSs), namely Sinjhuang, Jhongshan, and Judong stations. The sampling data were also incorporated with those from previous project for analyzing the seasonal variation of particle size distribution, mass concentration, composition of water-soluble ions, and metal compositions, etc. for each station. Measurement difference between the PM2.5 concentrations measured by the dichotomous sampler (PM2.5,D) and those by the beta attenuation monitor (BAM, PM2.5,B) which is used in the TAMS was also investigated. Results show that the major reason for the systematic overestimation of PM2.5,B is the positive artifact due to acid gases adsorption by the glass fiber filter tape used by the BAM. It is suggested that the current non-FEM-designated BAMs used in the TAMS should be replaced by those with FEM designation or the glass fiber filter tapes used in the BAM should be replaced by those made by the material which is inert to acid gases adsorption such as Teflon filter. In order to evaluate the PM2.5 measurement difference between manual samplers and real-time monitors and to investigate the sampling artifacts of traditional filter-based samplers, a home-made multi-filter PM10-PM2.5 sampler (MFPPS) was collocated with the commercial available manual samplers (Dichot and WINS PM2.5 sampler) and a tapered element oscillating microbalance-filter dynamic measurement system (TEOM-FDMS) at National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) campus and Judong air monitoring station for sampling comparison. Results show that the evaporation loss is severe during sampling process for filter-based sampler, and is increases with an increasing filter face velocity and a decreasing particle loading amount on the filter. For these two sampling sites, the major volatile components were found to be inorganic species, while the evaporation loss in organic matter was insignificant. The results of the comparison between TEOM-FDMS and manual samplers show that the former is able to correct sampling artifact and therefore to provide an accurate PM2.5 measurement. Hence, the standard operation procedure of the TEOM-FDMS was also edited in a hope to provide a reference to the community who intends to apply the TEOM-FDMS in the future. For the assessment of nanoparticle emission during the use of nanoparticle incorporated products, it is found that for the three commercial available Ag-socks tested in this study, both the number concentration of nanoparticles emitted into the air and the amount of metal released into the water decreased after they have been washed. The Ag amounts contained in different parts of the sock were also measured, in which the toe part was found to have the highest amount. Among these three types of socks tested in this study, only the one listed in the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN) web site was found to have a significant Ag amount (567.98 μg Ag / g sock) in the toe part of the sock, and its antibacterial ability was found to be good. However, the other two types of socks, one has the Taiwan nano-mark and the other has none, were found to have a very little Ag amount (2.74 and 7.82 μg Ag / g sock), and their antibacterial ability were found to be poor. Finally, the feasibility of quantifying the metal concentration in ambient aerosol sample by the technique of using the Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to analysis the internal standard sample was also evaluated. Results show that the calibration curves of most of the metal elements have good correlation (R2 > 0.9), and the results from different tests are stable. This technique was further validated by analyzing the aerosol sampler collected in Syueshan highway tunnel. Results show that this technique is able to analyze the metal elements in aerosol sample efficiently and quickly. It is expected that the LA-ICP-MS technique can be used to measure the time-varying metal concentration with a short time interval.

英文關鍵字

nanoparticle sampling and analysis;mass closure of nanoparticles;EHS of nanomaterials