環保專案成果報告查詢系統

專案計畫編號	EPA-103-FA11-03-A119
經費年度	103
計畫經費	9,400 千元
專案開始日期	2014/04/02
專案結束日期	2015/04/01
專案主持人	李崇德
主辦單位	監資處
承辦人	黃健瑋
執行單位	國立中央大學
專案分類	大氣空氣
中文關鍵字	細懸浮微粒；細懸浮微粒化學成分；細懸浮微粒監測技術
英文關鍵字	Fine particulate matter,Chemical speciation on fine particulate,Fine particulate monitoring technology
協同主持人	周崇光；張士昱；蕭大智
共同主持人
計畫聯絡人	黃秋華
計畫聯絡電話	03-4227151#34652
計畫聯絡信箱	cilia0110@gmail.com

中文摘要	本計畫完成在板橋、忠明、小港站的季節PM2.5質量濃度及化學成分連續檢測，在板橋、忠明、前金站的月常規檢測，斗六及嘉義站的密集檢測，並額外增加台東站的區域背景密集檢測。採樣期間，PM2.5質量濃度大小依北、中、南部遞減，各站全部數據平均值顯示春、夏、秋、冬、年度PM2.5修正後質量濃度平均值分別為37, 18, 50, 53, 43 μg m-3，PM2.5修正後質量濃度以冬季最高。各PM2.5成分多以SO42-濃度最高，但有時候有機碳(Organic Carbon, OC)和修正NO3-濃度會是最高。R＆P 2300成分採樣器和常規檢測BGI PQ 200採樣器在採集PM2.5質量濃度時間變化趨勢一致，但濃度略高。台東空品站2014年6月所測得PM2.5質量濃度平均為9±1.9 μg m-3，足可確認台東縣是台灣本島空氣品質最佳的地方。斗六和嘉義站採樣策略以大陸冷高壓過後本地污染源影響評估為主，採樣期間斗六站受大氣擴散不良的影響較大，發生高PM2.5質量濃度時，有機和NO3-氣膠產生源的影響值得重視。嘉義站受機動車輛和工業排放影響較大，這個推論從各個樣本都可觀察到明顯NO3-濃度可以得到呼應。分析的PM2.5化學成分，以NO3-的隨PM2.5質量濃度增高，所佔比例更增大最為凸顯，對於貢獻NO3-的前驅污染源必須優先管制。以PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization)受體模式推估板橋、忠明、小港三站污染源因子大致接近，重大污染源因子中二次硫酸鹽(Sec S)、二次硝酸鹽(SN)、二次有機氣膠(SOA)在冷季(春、秋、冬季)貢獻比例較大，生質燃燒(BB)在秋、冬季貢獻比例高。板橋站大氣能見度廻歸模式的顯著自變數為NO2、nss SO42-、相對濕度，忠明站為NH4+、NO2、相對濕度，小港站為NH4+、溫度、相對濕度，三個地方都顯示相對濕度是重要影響因子。為瞭解國際間PM2.5化學成分監測經驗與最新技術發展，本計畫研讀分布在韓國、日本、中國、美洲、歐洲、台灣的24篇學術論文，獲致具體成果。針對我國未來PM2.5化學成分監測網絡規劃，本計畫建議設置城市測站、背景測站、國家公園測站、離島測站四種測站。PM2.5成分監測方法，在兩次研討會討論後，考量需要監測項目及操作簡便原則下，建議以兩部成分採樣儀器分別獲得水溶性離子成分和碳成分，另以第三部FRM (Federal Reference Method)儀器依環檢所標準方法A205.11C進行秤重，秤重後進行元素分析。對於城市測站、背景測站、國家公園測站可建立為常規成分採樣測站，初期進行每六天同步或不同步定期採樣；離島測站則屬於短程、密集比對的機動式監測站。
中文關鍵字	細懸浮微粒；細懸浮微粒化學成分；細懸浮微粒監測技術

中文摘要

本計畫完成在板橋、忠明、小港站的季節PM2.5質量濃度及化學成分連續檢測，在板橋、忠明、前金站的月常規檢測，斗六及嘉義站的密集檢測，並額外增加台東站的區域背景密集檢測。採樣期間，PM2.5質量濃度大小依北、中、南部遞減，各站全部數據平均值顯示春、夏、秋、冬、年度PM2.5修正後質量濃度平均值分別為37, 18, 50, 53, 43 μg m-3，PM2.5修正後質量濃度以冬季最高。各PM2.5成分多以SO42-濃度最高，但有時候有機碳(Organic Carbon, OC)和修正NO3-濃度會是最高。R＆P 2300成分採樣器和常規檢測BGI PQ 200採樣器在採集PM2.5質量濃度時間變化趨勢一致，但濃度略高。台東空品站2014年6月所測得PM2.5質量濃度平均為9±1.9 μg m-3，足可確認台東縣是台灣本島空氣品質最佳的地方。斗六和嘉義站採樣策略以大陸冷高壓過後本地污染源影響評估為主，採樣期間斗六站受大氣擴散不良的影響較大，發生高PM2.5質量濃度時，有機和NO3-氣膠產生源的影響值得重視。嘉義站受機動車輛和工業排放影響較大，這個推論從各個樣本都可觀察到明顯NO3-濃度可以得到呼應。分析的PM2.5化學成分，以NO3-的隨PM2.5質量濃度增高，所佔比例更增大最為凸顯，對於貢獻NO3-的前驅污染源必須優先管制。以PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization)受體模式推估板橋、忠明、小港三站污染源因子大致接近，重大污染源因子中二次硫酸鹽(Sec S)、二次硝酸鹽(SN)、二次有機氣膠(SOA)在冷季(春、秋、冬季)貢獻比例較大，生質燃燒(BB)在秋、冬季貢獻比例高。板橋站大氣能見度廻歸模式的顯著自變數為NO2、nss SO42-、相對濕度，忠明站為NH4+、NO2、相對濕度，小港站為NH4+、溫度、相對濕度，三個地方都顯示相對濕度是重要影響因子。為瞭解國際間PM2.5化學成分監測經驗與最新技術發展，本計畫研讀分布在韓國、日本、中國、美洲、歐洲、台灣的24篇學術論文，獲致具體成果。針對我國未來PM2.5化學成分監測網絡規劃，本計畫建議設置城市測站、背景測站、國家公園測站、離島測站四種測站。PM2.5成分監測方法，在兩次研討會討論後，考量需要監測項目及操作簡便原則下，建議以兩部成分採樣儀器分別獲得水溶性離子成分和碳成分，另以第三部FRM (Federal Reference Method)儀器依環檢所標準方法A205.11C進行秤重，秤重後進行元素分析。對於城市測站、背景測站、國家公園測站可建立為常規成分採樣測站，初期進行每六天同步或不同步定期採樣；離島測站則屬於短程、密集比對的機動式監測站。

中文關鍵字

細懸浮微粒；細懸浮微粒化學成分；細懸浮微粒監測技術

類型	檔名	檔案大小	說明	最新版公開日期
期末報告	EPA-103-FA11-03-A119.pdf	15MB		2015/5/6 上午 12:00:00

摘要	This study has completed PM2.5 mass and chemical species seasonal measurements at the Banqiao, Zhongming, and Xiaogang sites, regular monthly inter-comparison measurements at the Banqiao, Zhongming, and Qianjin sites, and intensive measurements at the Douliu and Chiayi sites. In addition, an extra intensive measurement for regional background at the Taitung site was also completed. During the collection period, PM2.5 mass concentrations were decreased from north, middle, to the south. Seasonal averages of total stations from spring, summer, autumn, to winter were 37, 18, 50, 53, and 43 μg m-3, respectively. For PM2.5 chemical species concentrations, SO42- was frequently the highest but replaced by organic carbon (OC) or modified NO3- occasionally. Time variations of PM2.5 mass concentrations were consistent between R＆P 2300 speciation sampler and BGI PQ 200 sampler but the values of former were slightly higher during regular monthly inter-comparison. The average of PM2.5 mass concentrations at the Taitung site was 9±1.9 μg m-3 in June 2014. It is of certain that the air quality in Taitung County is the best in Taiwan. The sampling strategy at the Douliu and Chiayi sites was to assess the effects of local pollution after the passage of continental cold high. The Douliu site was more affected by atmospheric stagnancy than other causes. Sources of organic and NO3- aerosols need to be of concern when high PM2.5 mass concentrations occur. In contrast, the Chiayi site was more influenced by motor vehicles and industrial sources than others. This inference was responded by significant NO3- levels when PM2.5 mass concentrations were high at the Chiayi site. Among the analyzed PM2.5 chemical species, the proportion of NO3- in PM2.5 was magnified significantly by higher PM2.5 mass concentrations. It demonstrates that the contributions of NO3- precursors need to be controlled with high priority. The pollution source factors of the Banqiao, Zhongming, and Xiaogang sites were roughly close to one another from PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) receptor modelling. Among major pollution source factors, secondary sulfate (Sec S), secondary nitrate (SN), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contributed more in cool seasons (spring, autumn, and winter) while biomass burning (BB) contributed more in autumn and winter seasons. According to the modelling results of atmospheric visibility from multiple linear regressions, the significant independent variables were NO2, nss SO42-, and relative humidity at the Banqiao site, NH4+, NO2, and relative humidity at the Zhongming site, and NH4+, temperature, and relative humidity at the Xiaogang site. Relative humidity is noted to be an important factor for all three sites. To gain PM2.5 chemical speciation monitoring experience and capture recent technical development, this study reviewed 24 scientific papers conducted in Korea, Japan, China, America, Europe, and Taiwan and acquired fruitful results. City, background, national park, and island sites are proposed to set up in the future PM2.5 chemical speciation network in Taiwan. After the discussion in two workshops and consideration of necessary measurement items for easy operation, two speciation samplers are proposed to obtain water-soluble ions and carbonaceous content, respectively, and a third FRM (Federal Reference Method) sampler for obtaining mass concentration by following A205.11C method promulgated by National Analysis Laboratory in Environmental Protection Administration and subsequent elemental analysis. Regular sampling of PM2.5 chemical speciation at every six days is proposed for city, background, and national park sites synchronously or asynchronously while island site is designed as a mobile site for short and intensive collection period.
英文關鍵字	Fine particulate matter,Chemical speciation on fine particulate,Fine particulate monitoring technology

摘要

This study has completed PM2.5 mass and chemical species seasonal measurements at the Banqiao, Zhongming, and Xiaogang sites, regular monthly inter-comparison measurements at the Banqiao, Zhongming, and Qianjin sites, and intensive measurements at the Douliu and Chiayi sites. In addition, an extra intensive measurement for regional background at the Taitung site was also completed. During the collection period, PM2.5 mass concentrations were decreased from north, middle, to the south. Seasonal averages of total stations from spring, summer, autumn, to winter were 37, 18, 50, 53, and 43 μg m-3, respectively. For PM2.5 chemical species concentrations, SO42- was frequently the highest but replaced by organic carbon (OC) or modified NO3- occasionally. Time variations of PM2.5 mass concentrations were consistent between R＆P 2300 speciation sampler and BGI PQ 200 sampler but the values of former were slightly higher during regular monthly inter-comparison. The average of PM2.5 mass concentrations at the Taitung site was 9±1.9 μg m-3 in June 2014. It is of certain that the air quality in Taitung County is the best in Taiwan. The sampling strategy at the Douliu and Chiayi sites was to assess the effects of local pollution after the passage of continental cold high. The Douliu site was more affected by atmospheric stagnancy than other causes. Sources of organic and NO3- aerosols need to be of concern when high PM2.5 mass concentrations occur. In contrast, the Chiayi site was more influenced by motor vehicles and industrial sources than others. This inference was responded by significant NO3- levels when PM2.5 mass concentrations were high at the Chiayi site. Among the analyzed PM2.5 chemical species, the proportion of NO3- in PM2.5 was magnified significantly by higher PM2.5 mass concentrations. It demonstrates that the contributions of NO3- precursors need to be controlled with high priority. The pollution source factors of the Banqiao, Zhongming, and Xiaogang sites were roughly close to one another from PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) receptor modelling. Among major pollution source factors, secondary sulfate (Sec S), secondary nitrate (SN), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contributed more in cool seasons (spring, autumn, and winter) while biomass burning (BB) contributed more in autumn and winter seasons. According to the modelling results of atmospheric visibility from multiple linear regressions, the significant independent variables were NO2, nss SO42-, and relative humidity at the Banqiao site, NH4+, NO2, and relative humidity at the Zhongming site, and NH4+, temperature, and relative humidity at the Xiaogang site. Relative humidity is noted to be an important factor for all three sites. To gain PM2.5 chemical speciation monitoring experience and capture recent technical development, this study reviewed 24 scientific papers conducted in Korea, Japan, China, America, Europe, and Taiwan and acquired fruitful results. City, background, national park, and island sites are proposed to set up in the future PM2.5 chemical speciation network in Taiwan. After the discussion in two workshops and consideration of necessary measurement items for easy operation, two speciation samplers are proposed to obtain water-soluble ions and carbonaceous content, respectively, and a third FRM (Federal Reference Method) sampler for obtaining mass concentration by following A205.11C method promulgated by National Analysis Laboratory in Environmental Protection Administration and subsequent elemental analysis. Regular sampling of PM2.5 chemical speciation at every six days is proposed for city, background, and national park sites synchronously or asynchronously while island site is designed as a mobile site for short and intensive collection period.

英文關鍵字

Fine particulate matter,Chemical speciation on fine particulate,Fine particulate monitoring technology