EPA-104-FA16-03-A280

104

7,188 千元

溫室氣體減緩宣導與調適

2015/11/09

2016/12/31

葉珍羽

環管處

許值蓉

財團法人台灣產業服務基金會

國際性議題、區域環境管理、環境影響評估

永續發展目標、韌性城市、永續城市發展

Sustainable development goal, Resilient city, Development of sustainable city

吳宜樺、彭啟明

葉珍羽

02-27844188#217

jeanyeh@ftis.org.tw

本計畫為與國際低碳與韌性趨勢接軌並協助國內城市發展，遂透過國際資訊的收集與研析發展我國的韌性城市自我檢視項目與撰寫韌性城市參考指引，以協助「城市管理者」自我盤點城市內部脆弱度來源與未來可精進方向。同時，收集建立非政府組織之程序與做法，以探討推動低碳與韌性議題之國際合作平台之行動方案，期待可以達到國際連結及永續發展的目標，執行方式及成果摘要如下： （一）拓展城市及區域間氣候變遷國際合作關係 1.本計畫德國觀察(GERMANWATCH)、世界企業永續發展委員會（World Business Council for Sustainable Development, WBCSD）、聯合國全球盟約、全球永續發展報告書協會（Global Reporting Initiative, GRI）等國際組織。其中，全球永續發展報告書協會（GRI）致力於推動永續報告的發展，制定了世界上廣為使用且最完整的永續報告規範，聯合國全球盟約則籌辦相關論壇和領導人高峰會以推廣共同支持人權、勞工和環境領域中的十項普遍原則，其餘組織則專注於協調與擬定國際上的環境規劃政策。 2.為本計畫團隊已蒐研地方環境行動國際委員會(International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives，ICLEI)、城市氣候變遷領導組織(C40)、城市及地方政府聯盟(United Cities and Local Governments; UCLG)、市長聯盟(Compact of Mayors)、碳揭露專案(Carbon Disclosure Project，CDP)、碳城市氣候登錄平台(carbonn Cities Climate Registry，cCCR)等六個國際組織。上述組織之成員主要來自各國城市，並希望能透過城市的自主行動有效率地來因應氣候變遷與全球暖化的問題。其中，ICLEI每年舉辦研討會以探討韌性議題，市長聯盟主要致力於督促各城市訂立溫室氣體減量目標，其他國際組織則偏重於建立國際交流平台，提供各城市技術與經驗交流並期待互相合作。 3.而本計畫為連結國際低碳趨勢與拓展民眾對於氣候變遷的行動視野，並展現相關領域專業人士或企業對於減碳行動的努力，及綠色經濟研究的傳承及經驗分享，以擴散傳遞節能減碳的作為，進而編撰專刊期能收集各界的不同氣候觀點。並以「自主貢獻中的減量策略」、「因應氣候變遷的綠能技術」、「低碳轉型下的產業經濟」等3主題並邀約來自產、官、學、研之專家進行撰稿，共收錄17篇文章。 （二）建構國際夥伴網絡，系統性整合國際低碳資訊 1.全球暖化對世界的影響已十分嚴重，而國際上已有諸多非政府組織為因應相關環境衝擊推展相關倡議及行動；本計畫已蒐集分析國際商業協會(ICC)、歐盟、澳洲、美國：氣候組織 (The Climate Group)、環境責任經濟聯盟 (Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economics)、美國洛克菲勒基金會等來自歐盟、英國與美國多個國際非政府組織。其中，國際商業協會(ICC)主要透過制訂國際經貿領域的規則、慣例並推行至全球商業界，與各國政府與國際組織對話，在法律領域促進國際貿易和投資的發展。氣候組織（The Climate Group）則追蹤並研析氣候變遷及低碳政策的國際趨勢，分享與宣導案例實踐。 2.考量我國推展之方式及可行性，本計畫蒐集臺灣健康促進暨衛生教育學會(THPEA) 、中華民國自然生態保育協會(SWAN)等組織進行案例分析，發現這些案例主要是先在國內成立具實質化NGO組織，再逐步發展成國際NGO組織。本計畫也提出二種未來推動成立INGO可行性方案: (1)將現有夥伴關係直接立案為INGO，立案地點傾向國外立案、(2)於國內成立NGO再加入INGO或成立國外分會，本計畫綜合考量後建議參考方案二，整合公私部門資源，擴大參與範疇，讓國際NGO能夠成為氣候變遷調適平臺，優先以鄰近泛太平洋地區國家共同建立夥伴關係，共築氣候調適網絡，因應氣候變遷的衝擊以及案例分析及規劃建議。 3.對於國際交流平臺之形式，本計畫蒐集綜整出不同平臺形式之案例：(1)氣候合作實驗室、(2) 台灣搖籃到搖籃策略聯盟、(3)國際氣候行動網絡，分別就經費來源、運作方式進行研析。上述交流模式主可以分為(1)建構網路式平臺、(2)辦理國際會議論壇、(3)組織合作網絡三大方向。本計畫依據上述三方向SWOT分析，並進一步評估可行性發現建立國際交流平台主要關鍵在於經費、人力參與和目標，如能透過公私部門合作，政府支持並贊助經費，會有助於成立國際交流平臺。 （三）因應氣候變遷影響策略，建立韌性城市評估機制，促進我國城市永續發展 1. 國際上已有相當多組織重視氣候變遷下的國家/城市調適與韌性，已蒐集聯合國減災策略組織(UNISDR)、聯合國人居署(UN-Habitat)、韌性城市(Resilient Cities)、100韌性城市(100 Resilient Cities) 、地方環境行動國際委員會(ICLEI)、奧雅納企業(ARUP)等不同國際組織與模範韌性城市之韌性倡議、策略資料。其中，奧雅納企業與洛克斐勒基金會(Rockefeller Foundation)合作建立之韌性框架以「領導力與戰略」、「經濟與社會」、「健康與福利」、「環境與基礎設施」四大面向與12項核心目標為基礎為發展了52項韌性指標，其發展過程中不僅是收集24個城市的實際情況且亦針對利益相關者進行實地探訪與問卷調查，因此在諸多架構中涵蓋層面最為廣泛。本計畫為能與國際同步，遂參考上述既有國際工具，涵蓋整體城市韌性，而不僅止於氣候韌性，初擬本土化城市韌性評估機制。 2.本計畫編撰本計畫為能與國際同步，鑑於國際上趨勢為先訂定構面再仔細區分指標項目，之後才接續選出韌性城市，若要與國際接軌韌性評估機制，則依既有評量系統為最佳方法。因此參照國際評估系統來發展本土之自我檢視項目，並且朝向「大尺度，全面向」的內容討論韌性而非僅框架在「氣候韌性」，希望讓「城市管理者」能透過自我檢視項目找出城市脆弱度；本計畫建構城市推動韌性架構之基礎為「領導力與戰略」、「經濟與社會」、「健康與福利」、「基礎設施與環境」4大面向，建構出52項自我檢視項目。同時，為協助推廣與讓使用者更容易了解內容，本計畫亦撰寫韌性城市參考指引，內容分為三大步驟，第一步「認識韌性」、第二步「使用自我檢視工具」、第三步「城市策略推動」；供地方政府參考運用。另外，為提昇資料可視化，將指引製作成電子書供使用。

永續發展目標、韌性城市、永續城市發展

期末正式報告(上傳版).pdf

63MB

2017/5/1 上午 12:00:00

The main goal of this project is to develop an instruction to help decision makers of the city to discover or identify city`s vulnerability then build resilience in city. In order to achieve this goal, we collect methods and strategies from success examples worldwide. Also, this project developed an action plan to help government construct international non-government organization so that our government can make connection to globalization and Sustainable Development Goals. The work process and result can be summarized as follows: (A)Broaden the partnership between different cities and regional unit. 1.This project collect program from international organizations such as GERMANWATCH, World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and so on. For example, Global Sustainability Report Association (GRI) is committed to promoting the development of sustainable reporting, while the other organizations focus on developing international environmental planning policies. 2.In the same time, in order to understand work from the international and inter-governmental organizations and projects, the project analyze program from organization like International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) and the Urban Climate Change Leadership Group (C40), then we discover that ICLEI holds international forum to discuss resilient issue and Compact of Mayor urges cities to set greenhouse gas reduction targets, while other international organizations focus on exchanging experience and look forward to cooperation with each other. 3.Since the Paris agreement enter into force on November 4, 2016, ideas like mitigation, adaptation, capital, technology are also mentioned in the content. In order to make connection to the international low carbon trend and broaden people`s horizon and show the effort from professionals or businesses on carbon reduction efforts, and green economy. This project compiled a special issue to collect all the different climate view. And invited experts from industry, government, academia and academia to contribute to the theme of "Reduction Policies under Nationally Determined Contribution ", "Developing Green Energy Technology on Climate Change" and "Low Carbon Economy under Industrial Transformation". Finally, this issue contains 17 articles. (B)Construct the partnership network and systematically collect low-carbon information. 1.Non-government organization plays an important role in social and environmental issue. As a result, this project follows the program from the International Business Council (ICC), The Climate Group, Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies, and the Rockefeller foundation which is from the European Union, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The International Business Association (ICC) mainly focuses on the development of international economic and trade, rules and practices in the field. The Climate Group tracks and analyzes international trends in climate change and low-carbon policies, sharing and advocacy case practices. 2. At the same time, this project consider likelihood of the promotion for our country then collected Taiwan Health Promotion and Health Education Association (THPEA), the society for worldwide and nature (SWAN) and other organizations for case study. Then this project found that these cases are mainly established in the country and gradually evolved into international non-government organizations (INGOs). This project also proposes three future initiatives to promote the establishment of INGO: (1) Evolve the existing partnership directly into the INGO, the register outside the country (2) Establish an domestic NGO then join another INGO or expand branch outside the country. According to the analysis, this project recommend second choice, which is the integration of public and private sector resources to expand the scope of participation, so that INGO can become a climate change adaptation platform and invite neighbors to join in. By building partnerships, climate adaptation network, government can share the experience on climate change with other countries, as well as joining the international studies and projects. 3.When it comes to the developing an international exchange platform, the project collects cases of different types of platforms: (1) climate cooperation laboratories, (2) C2C in Taiwan, (3) international climate action networks. The exchange model can be divided into three patterns: (1) the construction of network-based platform, (2) international conference forums, (3) organize cooperation network. After conduct SWOT analysis and further assesses feasibility, this project discover that the key to establishing an international exchange platform is funding, human involvement and goals, government support and sponsorship through public-private partnerships will facilitate the establishment of international exchanges platform. (C)Developing resilient cities assessment mechanism to deal with climate change strategy and encourage sustainable development. 1.This project collect program from the UNISDR, UN-Habitat, Resilient Cities, 100 Resilient Cities, ICLEI, the International Commission on Local Environmental Action (ICLEI), the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction , Arup Company (ARUP) and other international organizations, in which the Arup Corporation and the Rockefeller Foundation establish the resilience framework which contain four different aspects: "leadership and strategy "and" economic and social "," health and welfare "," environment and infrastructure ". This framework comes from not only the collection of 24 cities in the case study, but also interviews from stakeholders during ground surveys, which covers the most extensive aspect among different frameworks. 2.In order to synchronize with the international trend, which define the indicators and carefully select the indicators, then select the resilient cities. If this project`s goal is to make connect with the international evaluation system, then following the evaluation system will be the most important. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a local self-identify indicators to discuss resilience rather than just "climate resilience" but from large scale and different aspect, so that City Managers can find city`s vulnerability through the indicators; This project builds on the four pillars of the city's resilience framework: Leadership and Strategy, Economic and Social, Health and Well-being, Infrastructure and the Environment, and 52 self-identify indicators under it. At the same time, in order to help promote and make the user more easily understand the content, this project also wrote reference guide which contains three steps, the first step "understanding resilience", the second step "using self-identify tool" Third-step "developing urban strategy" as reference for local government. Moreover, in order to improve visualization, the reference guide is made into e-books for use.

Sustainable development goal, Resilient city, Development of sustainable city