EPA-104-1605-02-02

104

2,450 千元

2015/03/06

2015/12/31

謝季吟

環檢所

劉素妙

國立屏東科技大學

科技計畫

底泥毒性、底棲生物、重金屬、多環芳香烴、生物累積

Sediment toxicity, Sediment-dwelling organism, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Bioaccumulation

劉俊宏；吳宗孟

謝季吟

08-7703202#7089

chiying@mail.npust.edu.tw

全底泥毒性測試在底泥污染物生態風險評估上的使用性日漸增加，且標準化底泥毒性試驗在環境生態風險評估過程有著決定性的一環，能提供化學分析結果無法闡釋對生物體的危害程度相關資訊。本計畫主要目的為利用建立之兩種底泥慢毒性試驗系統為基礎，探討兩種測試生物成長階段暴露於添加不同濃度無機污染物銅(Cu)和有機污染物多環芳香烴萘,菲及芘(Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Pyrene)的影響程度及靈敏性，以建置應用底泥生物慢毒性試驗(存活及成長) 進行重金屬及多環芳香烴化合物之標準設計條件，並進行不同生命週期階段暴露於不同濃度的重金屬銅及多環芳香烴化合物芘之累積情形探討，以提供關切化學物質潛在毒性相關資訊。 重金屬及多環芳香烴化合物之添加平衡時間結果顯示，銅、萘、菲及芘添加於底泥中分別至少需14天、35天、35天及-42天才可達到平衡。H. azteca 暴露於重金屬銅與多環芳香烴菲及芘不同濃度底泥中劑量-效應之半致死濃度(LC50) 分別為64.80 mg Cu/kg、4.061 mg/kg及5.198 mg /kg，當暴露濃度達200 mg Cu/kg及5mg pyrene/kg時，成長(體長)與控制組具有顯著性差異 (p<0.05)。多環芳香烴萘與菲暴露濃度達0.014及0.5 mg/kg時，其重量與控制組具有明顯差異。H. azteca 於最高暴露銅 (300 mg/kg)及芘 (20 mg/kg) 濃度時之生物累積指標均顯示均未累積於生物體 (BAF均小於1000)。另外，銅及多環芳香烴化合物添加底泥對大鱗泥鰍慢毒性測試終點 (存活及成長) 之結果顯示，當底泥銅、菲及芘濃度分別達139±31 mg /kg、0.7±0.12與43.6±2.5 mg/kg時，大鱗泥鰍的成長、活存率及特定成長均顯著下降，另在200mg/kg或更高濃度400 mg /kg的銅和芘時，可觀察到100% 致死率。多環芳香烴萘因添加與平衡濃度之差異，所測得之最高濃度僅為0.28 mg/kg，且對魚隻的各項成長指標與存活率皆無顯著之影響。另外，大鱗泥鰍暴露銅及芘之生物累積指標結果 (BAF和BSAF分別為0.16及1.04×10-4) 均小於累積指標值 (BAF<1000或BSAF<1)，且與控制組無顯著差異。最後，風險評估描述實例結果顯示，生物慢毒性檢測結果與利用化學分析評估污染程度之趨勢相當，本研究成果未來可提供相關單位進行整治或生態風險決策之依據。

底泥毒性、底棲生物、重金屬、多環芳香烴、生物累積

【環檢所】期末報告定稿版-1041214.pdf

8MB

2016/2/1 上午 12:00:00

Whole-sediment toxicity tests are increasingly being used in ecological risk assessments of contaminants in sediments. Standardized sediment toxicity tests in the environmental and ecological risk assessment process have played a major role in quantifying the harmful effects that chemical analyses alone cannot. In this project, we developed and used two chronic sediment toxicity tests in order to predict the sublethal effects of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs) on a sediment-dwelling amphipod (Hyalella azteca) and a cobitid (Paramisgurnus dabryanus). The sensitivity of and toxicological effects on the two test organisms were evaluated by exposing them to different concentrations of a heavy metal (copper) and three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene). Standardized experimental designs for spiking methodologies were developed for two chronic toxicity tests (survival and growth) and to obtain information on the accumulation of these materials during different life stages to reveal whether the information derived is adequate. Spiked sediment results showed that copper, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene required 7-14 d, 28-35 d, 28-35 d, and 35-42 d, respectively, to reach equilibrium in sediment. In copper, phenanthrene, and pyrene spiked sediment toxicity tests, LC50 values for H. azteca were 64.80, 4.061, and 5.198 mg/kg, respectively, based on dose-response relationships. Significant growth (length and weight) differences were observed between formulated sediment and experimental groups at concentrations of 200 mg/kg Cu and 5 mg/kg pyrene (p < 0.05), respectively. Significant weight differences were observed between the formulated sediment and experimental groups at concentrations of 0.014 and 0.5 mg/kg for naphthalene and phenanthrene, respectively. The bioaccumulation of spiked copper (30 mg/kg) and pyrene (1 mg/kg) in H. azteca was significantly higher than in controls, indicating that these contaminants accumulate easily in organisms (BSAF>1) and at rates that are positively related to exposure concentration. Moreover, our study observed that growth performance, survival rate, and feed efficiency of Paramisgurnus dabryanus were significantly decreased when exposed to 100 mg/kg Cu, 0.7 mg/kg phenanthrene, and 50 mg/kg pyrene, and that 100% mortality occurred at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/kg Cu. Similarly, 100% mortality was found at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/kg pyrene in sediment. Nevertheless, no physiological parameters of growth in P. dabryanus were affected by exposure to naphthalene and phenanthrene in sediment due to lower concentrations of these two PAHs. In addition, the values of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of copper and biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of pyrene in P. dabryanus were 0.16 and 1.04 × 10-4, respectively. This means that copper and pyrene are considered not bioaccumulative to P. dabryanus because both factors’ values were < 1. Whole-sediment toxicity tests are increasingly being used in ecological risk assessments of contaminants in sediments. Standardized sediment toxicity tests in the environmental and ecological risk assessment process have played a major role in quantifying the harmful effects that chemical analyses alone cannot. In this project, we developed and used two chronic sediment toxicity tests in order to predict the sublethal effects of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs) on a sediment-dwelling amphipod (Hyalella azteca) and a cobitid (Paramisgurnus dabryanus). The sensitivity of and toxicological effects on the two test organisms were evaluated by exposing them to different concentrations of a heavy metal (copper) and three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene). Standardized experimental designs for spiking methodologies were developed for two chronic toxicity tests (survival and growth) and to obtain information on the accumulation of these contaminants (copper and pyrene) during different life stages to reveal whether the information derived is adequate. Spiked sediment results showed that copper, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene required at least 14 d, 35 d, 35 d, and 42 d, respectively, to reach equilibrium in sediment. In copper-, phenanthrene-, and pyrene-spiked sediment toxicity tests, LC50 values for H. azteca were 64.80, 4.061, and 5.198 mg/kg, respectively, based on dose-response relationships. Significant growth (length) differences were observed between formulated sediment and experimental groups at concentrations of 200 mg/kg Cu and 5 mg/kg pyrene (p < 0.05). Weight differences were also observed between the formulated sediment and experimental groups at concentrations of 0.014 and 0.5 mg/kg for naphthalene and phenanthrene, respectively. The highest concentrations of spiked copper (300 mg/kg) and pyrene (20 mg/kg) in H. azteca indicated that bioaccumulation of these contaminants in organisms is unlikely (BAF<1000). Moreover, our study demonstrated that growth performance, survival rate, and feed efficiency of Paramisgurnus dabryanus were significantly decreased when exposed to 139±31 mg/kg Cu, 0.7±0.12 mg/kg phenanthrene, and 43.6±2.5 mg/kg pyrene, and that 100% mortality occurred at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/kg Cu and pyrene. Nevertheless, no physiological parameters of growth in P. dabryanus were affected by exposure to naphthalene in sediment due to the highest measured concentrations being only 0.28 mg / kg, despite the huge difference between spiked and equilibrated concentration. In addition, the values of the copper bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and pyrene biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) in P. dabryanus were 0.16 and 1.04 × 10-4, respectively. Copper and pyrene factor values (BAF<1000, BSAF<1) means that both are considered not bioaccumulative to P. dabryanus. Overall, the case demonstrated herein using a biological chronic toxicity test in an ecological risk assessment may provide helpful information to agencies in remediation decision-making.

Sediment toxicity, Sediment-dwelling organism, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Bioaccumulation