This project aims to the following seven main parts: Reference reviewes, setup local PM2.5 fingerprint (restaurant operation, bare ground and paved road dust), PM2.5 sampling, analysis and monitoring of special area for PM2.5 Spatio-Temporal analysis (Night Market, Air Cleaning Area and other places with control strategy), continuously PM2.5 monitoring in East Market in Chiayi City, update the Taiwan Emission Data System (TEDS) to do source apportionment modeling with three Air Quality Area and Grant Stationary Sources (analyzing the point sources, line sources and area sources PM2.5 contribute to Chiayi City which were emitted from Central , Yun-Chia-Nan and Kao-Ping Air Quality Area), analyzing the primary contribution in Chiayi City with AERMOD, control strategy.
1.Setup local PM2.5 fingerprint
(1)The cooking emission from local restaurants operation were set up by four kinds of cooking type which were Japanese cuisine, fusion restaurant, fast food restaurant and Western cuisine. Sampling each kinds of restaurant for three times. Analyzing the PM2.5 component amd estimating the emission factor. The average emission concentration were 1.32 – 13.7 mg Nm-3 in previous study. In this study, the concentration were 0.37 - 1.21 mg Nm-3.
(2)The emission profile from bare ground and paved road dust were set up by 4 kinds of each emission. The PM2.5 consist of earth elemental such as Al, Fe, Zn and Na and SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CuO.
2.PM2.5 sampling, analysis and monitoring of special area for PM2.5 Spatio-Temporal analysis (Night Market, Air Cleaning Area and other places with control strategy)
(1)Wenhua Road Night Market
i.The differences of PM2.5 levels between the site at upwind direction and in Wenhua Road Night Market were obviously.
ii.Mobile PM2.5 monitoring results show up the pollutions in the Market were decreased not only in higher concentration season but also in lower concentration season after control strategies had been implemented during the week.
iii.The pollutions were not decreased after control during the weekend in the higher concentration season because of the higher background concentration.
iv.Receptor model simulations show that high concentrations season weekday major pollution sources within the market for mobile source emissions (27.3%-30.5%), followed by nitrate derivative (16.4-20.8%), the main holiday of pollution source for mobile source emissions (30.5%), followed by nitrate derivative (20.8%), the Wenhia Road Night Market because during the holidays more frequent vehicle , mobile source contribution rate was significantly higher than usual conditions.
(2)Air Cleaning Area
i.Receptor model results show, an overview, the mobile sources in Meat Market and Vegetable Market are the major sources, higher than upwind station.
ii.Idling control needs to be implemented in Air Cleaning Area to turn off the display of this temporary parking for local PM2.5 slight performance reduction.
3.Other place with control strategy is Road Cleaning with gutter or not. In this research, the PM2.5 deseared 45.5% after cleaning but PM counts increased becaused the PM (which aerodynamics less than 2.5) resuspended during cleaning.
4.Continuously PM2.5 monitoring in East Market in Chiayi City. In this study, Dusttrak were used to measured the PM2.5 concentration and five points of exposure location were chosen in this research. During 24-h monitoring, the concentration increased after 7:00 (opening time is 6:00-18:00), and the higher concentration were maintained 8 hours. The highest concentration of PM2.5 were over than 60 μg/m3. In the future, the cars need to be banned to enter the market to protect the people not only sellers but also buyers.
5.Update the Taiwan Emission Data System (TEDS) to do source apportionment modeling with three Air Quality Area and Grant Stationary Sources (analyzing the point sources, line sources and area sources PM2.5 contribute to Chiayi City which were emitted from Central , Yun-Chia-Nan and Kao-Ping Air Quality Area)
(1)The emitted from Central AQA is 21.5%, the point source is 6.68%, line source is 7.86% and the area source is 6.93%.The highest contribution is 26.5% in the winter, the dominated contribution is line source which is 10.6%.
(2)The emitted from Yun-Chia-Nan AQA is 51.9%, the point source is 7.56%, line source is 15.4% and the area source is 29.0%.The highest contribution is 76.3% in the summer, the dominated contribution is area source which is 39.4%.
(3)The emitted from Kao-Ping AQA is 5.29%, the point source is 2.89%, line source is 1.30% and the area source is 1.08%.The highest contribution is 8.70% in the summer, the dominated contribution is point source which is 5.43%.
(4)An overview, the major contribution are Yun-Chia-Nan and Central AQA.
(5)The annual average self-contribution in this study is 18.5%. The highest month is July because of the season is summer with higher mixed layer ,faster wind speed and different wind direction so that the PM2.5¬ is slightly contribute from other county.
6.Analyzing the primary PM2.5 contribution in Chiayi City with AERMOD
(1)The results of AERMOD indicated that the primary PM2.5 contributions are as following, total Point source is 1.22%, total Line source is 5.36% and total Areasource is 8.35%, respectively.
(2)The total emission of Point source is 22 tons per year, and annual average contribution is 0.49 μg/m3. The total emission of Line source is 185 tons per year, and annual average contribution is 2.17 μg/m3. The total emission of Area source is 283 tons per year, and annual average contribution is 3.38 μg/m3.
(3)The dominated species of primary PM2.5 contribution are Area sources, such as Construction (2.88%), Paved road (2.78%), Cooking (1.71%). The priority of targets which need to be reduced is Construction, Paved road and Diesel source.
7.Producing a promotion film about PM2.5 introduction, mechanism, sources control and self-protection. Promote the educational propaganda about PM2.5 in Min-Zu Elementary School and Giao-Ping Elementary School.
