環保專案成果報告查詢系統

專案計畫編號	EPA-105-1605-02-01
經費年度	105
計畫經費	2,450 千元
專案開始日期	2016/03/25
專案結束日期	2016/12/31
專案主持人	謝季吟
主辦單位	環檢所
承辦人	李秋萍
執行單位	國立屏東科技大學
專案分類	環境監測及檢測
中文關鍵字	底泥毒性、河口、端足類、雙貝類、靈敏度
英文關鍵字	Sediment toxicity, Estuaries, Amphipods, Bivalve molluscs, Sensitivity
協同主持人
共同主持人	劉俊宏；吳宗孟
計畫聯絡人	謝季吟
計畫聯絡電話	08-7703202#7089
計畫聯絡信箱	chiying@mail.npust.edu.tw

中文摘要	河口或近岸區域底泥的污染常來自於上游沖刷沉降，對沿海生態系統、水生資源及人體健康(藉由食用水生物)可能造成潛在威脅。本計畫主要目的為建立及開發耐鹽性無脊椎動物(本土物種及國際物種)及雙貝類等物種之毒性測試系統。除了比較三物種之鹽度耐受性以決定兩種適合建立毒性測試系統之試驗生物，另外以銅、鎘及十二烷基硫酸鈉（Sodium dodecyl sulfate，SDS）為參考毒物以比較其靈敏度。生長環境相關因子(底質粒徑、餵食需求、鹽度耐受性、個體大小、有機質含量)對兩種河口底泥毒性試驗生物之影響，評估建置標準方法最佳條件，期望透過物種篩選及建置河口底泥生物標準試驗方法，提供未來河口底泥疏濬、整治及生態環境效益評估之參考。本計畫已於台灣南部近河口處採集端足類生物，並鑑定確認為端足目Ptilohyale plumicornis，而國際普遍使用物種則選定Leptocheirus plumulosus及文蛤(Meretrix lusoria) 為試驗生物，試驗生物體型(齡)對鹽度之耐受性試驗試驗結果顯示Ptilohyale plumicornis, Leptocheirus plumulosus及Meretrix lusoria最佳試驗體長及殼長分別為2.5~4.5mm, 2-4mm及2cm；最適生存鹽度為19‰, 20‰及22 ‰，並依此為最佳之試驗條件進行後續參考毒物試驗之條件。參考毒物試驗結果顯示 Ptilohyale plumicornis暴露於銅、鎘與SDS之96小時LC50平均值分別為2.28±0.20、2.00±0.12與7.99±1.55 mg/L； Leptocheirus plumulosus 暴露於銅、鎘與SDS之96小時LC50平均值分別為3.26±0.59、2.58±0.51與5.00±1.78 mg/L；Meretrix lusoria暴露於銅、鎘與SDS之96小時 LC50分別平均值為0.09±0.03、0.96±0.26與10.95±2.77 mg/L。本土端足蟲Ptilohyale plumicornis於底泥毒性試驗之可能影響環境因子結果顯示此物種適合於砂質較高之底泥基質，且底泥毒性試驗之體長與鹽度均與水體毒性試驗一致，溫度為25℃ 及每周餵食三次。文蛤底泥毒性測試系統之最佳條件為文蛤殼長2-3公分、最適鹽度為22‰、砂質為主之底泥配方、不進行餵食。
中文關鍵字	底泥毒性、河口、端足類、雙貝類、靈敏度

中文摘要

河口或近岸區域底泥的污染常來自於上游沖刷沉降，對沿海生態系統、水生資源及人體健康(藉由食用水生物)可能造成潛在威脅。本計畫主要目的為建立及開發耐鹽性無脊椎動物(本土物種及國際物種)及雙貝類等物種之毒性測試系統。除了比較三物種之鹽度耐受性以決定兩種適合建立毒性測試系統之試驗生物，另外以銅、鎘及十二烷基硫酸鈉（Sodium dodecyl sulfate，SDS）為參考毒物以比較其靈敏度。生長環境相關因子(底質粒徑、餵食需求、鹽度耐受性、個體大小、有機質含量)對兩種河口底泥毒性試驗生物之影響，評估建置標準方法最佳條件，期望透過物種篩選及建置河口底泥生物標準試驗方法，提供未來河口底泥疏濬、整治及生態環境效益評估之參考。本計畫已於台灣南部近河口處採集端足類生物，並鑑定確認為端足目Ptilohyale plumicornis，而國際普遍使用物種則選定Leptocheirus plumulosus及文蛤(Meretrix lusoria) 為試驗生物，試驗生物體型(齡)對鹽度之耐受性試驗試驗結果顯示Ptilohyale plumicornis, Leptocheirus plumulosus及Meretrix lusoria最佳試驗體長及殼長分別為2.5~4.5mm, 2-4mm及2cm；最適生存鹽度為19‰, 20‰及22 ‰，並依此為最佳之試驗條件進行後續參考毒物試驗之條件。參考毒物試驗結果顯示 Ptilohyale plumicornis暴露於銅、鎘與SDS之96小時LC50平均值分別為2.28±0.20、2.00±0.12與7.99±1.55 mg/L； Leptocheirus plumulosus 暴露於銅、鎘與SDS之96小時LC50平均值分別為3.26±0.59、2.58±0.51與5.00±1.78 mg/L；Meretrix lusoria暴露於銅、鎘與SDS之96小時 LC50分別平均值為0.09±0.03、0.96±0.26與10.95±2.77 mg/L。本土端足蟲Ptilohyale plumicornis於底泥毒性試驗之可能影響環境因子結果顯示此物種適合於砂質較高之底泥基質，且底泥毒性試驗之體長與鹽度均與水體毒性試驗一致，溫度為25℃ 及每周餵食三次。文蛤底泥毒性測試系統之最佳條件為文蛤殼長2-3公分、最適鹽度為22‰、砂質為主之底泥配方、不進行餵食。

中文關鍵字

底泥毒性、河口、端足類、雙貝類、靈敏度

類型	檔名	檔案大小	說明	最新版公開日期
期末報告	【環檢所】期末報告(定稿版)-1051207.pdf	7MB		2017/2/1 上午 12:00:00

摘要	Chemical contaminants discharged into estuaries and coastal areas often attach to sediment particles and are deposited on the sea bed. These contaminant-laden sediments may pose potential threats to coastal ecosystems, the sustainability of aquatic resources, and human health (via the food chain). In this project, we tried to develop two estuarine sediment toxicity tests from a selection of three species: two sediment-dwelling amphipods (Leptocheirus plumulosus and Ptilohyale plumicornis) and a bivalve mollusk (Meretrix lusoria). In the first screening, salinity tolerances of those species were compared in order to determine which ones could be appropriate test organisms for the estuarine environment. The effects of reference toxicants, two trace metals (copper and cadmium), and one organic toxicant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were studied on selected organisms cultured in the laboratory. Confounding factors in the estuarine environment (e.g., sediment grain size, feeding demand, salinity tolerance, organism size, and organic matter content) that could contribute to toxicity in two of the test organisms were determined from optimal test survival conditions. Appropriate species must be selected for the purpose of developing standardized estuarine sediment toxicity tests for use in future estuarine sediment dredging, remediation, and cost-benefit assessment of the ecological environment. Local species Ptilohyale plumicornis was collected from the southern estuary and confirmed and the hard clam Meretrix lusoria and an internationally common amphipod species, Leptocheirus plumulosus, were reared in the lab. Test lengths (shell length) of Ptilohyale plumicornis, Leptocheirus plumulosus, and Meretrix lusoria are recommended at 2.5-4.5 mm, 2-4 mm, and about 2 cm as well as salinities of 19, 20, and 22‰, respectively, in toxicity tests. Ptilohyale plumicornis acute (96 h) LC50 values in increasing order were 2.00±0.12 mg/L for Cd, 2.35±0.20 mg/L for Cu, and 7.99±1.55 mg/Lmg/L for SDS. Leptocheirus plumulosus acute (96 h) LC50 values in increasing order were 2.58±0.51 mg/L for Cd, 3.26±0.59 mg/L for Cu, and 5.00±1.78mg/L for SDS. Meretrix lusoria 96-h LC50 values for copper, cadmium, and SDS were 0.09±0.03, 0.96±0.26, and 10.95±2.77 mg/L, respectively. Local amphipod Ptilohyale plumicornis is suitable for sandy sediment toxicity tests based on a previous confounding-factors investigation, and its body size and salinity levels used in our sediment toxicity tests are consistent with other aquatic toxicity tests as were the 25 oC water temperature and a feeding frequency of three times per week. Using Meretrix lusoria as the biomonitoring species for developing standardized estuarine sediment toxicity tests, culture conditions recommended are 22‰ salinity, 25 oC water temperature, no feeding during the 10-d exposure period, sandy sediments, and 2-3 cm shell length.
英文關鍵字	Sediment toxicity, Estuaries, Amphipods, Bivalve molluscs, Sensitivity

摘要

Chemical contaminants discharged into estuaries and coastal areas often attach to sediment particles and are deposited on the sea bed. These contaminant-laden sediments may pose potential threats to coastal ecosystems, the sustainability of aquatic resources, and human health (via the food chain). In this project, we tried to develop two estuarine sediment toxicity tests from a selection of three species: two sediment-dwelling amphipods (Leptocheirus plumulosus and Ptilohyale plumicornis) and a bivalve mollusk (Meretrix lusoria). In the first screening, salinity tolerances of those species were compared in order to determine which ones could be appropriate test organisms for the estuarine environment. The effects of reference toxicants, two trace metals (copper and cadmium), and one organic toxicant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were studied on selected organisms cultured in the laboratory. Confounding factors in the estuarine environment (e.g., sediment grain size, feeding demand, salinity tolerance, organism size, and organic matter content) that could contribute to toxicity in two of the test organisms were determined from optimal test survival conditions. Appropriate species must be selected for the purpose of developing standardized estuarine sediment toxicity tests for use in future estuarine sediment dredging, remediation, and cost-benefit assessment of the ecological environment. Local species Ptilohyale plumicornis was collected from the southern estuary and confirmed and the hard clam Meretrix lusoria and an internationally common amphipod species, Leptocheirus plumulosus, were reared in the lab. Test lengths (shell length) of Ptilohyale plumicornis, Leptocheirus plumulosus, and Meretrix lusoria are recommended at 2.5-4.5 mm, 2-4 mm, and about 2 cm as well as salinities of 19, 20, and 22‰, respectively, in toxicity tests. Ptilohyale plumicornis acute (96 h) LC50 values in increasing order were 2.00±0.12 mg/L for Cd, 2.35±0.20 mg/L for Cu, and 7.99±1.55 mg/Lmg/L for SDS. Leptocheirus plumulosus acute (96 h) LC50 values in increasing order were 2.58±0.51 mg/L for Cd, 3.26±0.59 mg/L for Cu, and 5.00±1.78mg/L for SDS. Meretrix lusoria 96-h LC50 values for copper, cadmium, and SDS were 0.09±0.03, 0.96±0.26, and 10.95±2.77 mg/L, respectively. Local amphipod Ptilohyale plumicornis is suitable for sandy sediment toxicity tests based on a previous confounding-factors investigation, and its body size and salinity levels used in our sediment toxicity tests are consistent with other aquatic toxicity tests as were the 25 oC water temperature and a feeding frequency of three times per week. Using Meretrix lusoria as the biomonitoring species for developing standardized estuarine sediment toxicity tests, culture conditions recommended are 22‰ salinity, 25 oC water temperature, no feeding during the 10-d exposure period, sandy sediments, and 2-3 cm shell length.

英文關鍵字

Sediment toxicity, Estuaries, Amphipods, Bivalve molluscs, Sensitivity