EPA-106-FB11-03-A193

106

15,320 千元

溫室氣體減緩宣導與調適

2017/04/18

2017/12/31

鍾詩明

環管處

王俊勝

財團法人工業技術研究院

國際性議題、大氣空氣

聯合國氣候變化綱要公約、巴黎協定、氣候變遷

UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, Climate Change

連振安

連振安

02-89786049#

CALien@itri.org.tw

綜觀UNFCCC協商進展及國內外政策趨勢，全球各國皆加速推動氣候行動，強化因應氣候衝擊之韌性，並發展潔淨能源科技，創造綠色成長契機。本計畫掌握巴黎協定規則書談判發展與因應策略，從建構法制基礎做起，輔以落實部門減量、善用市場與非市場機制、強化教育宣導、促進國際合作等多面向策略，結合跨部會及產業科技等多元力量，引領我國邁向低碳社會。本計畫各項工作，均符合相關進度要求；各項工作執行進展摘述如下： 1. 研析聯合國氣候變化綱要公約與巴黎協定規則書協商進展，以及國內外法律與金融、技術和能力建構機制發展，並提出我國因應政策建言 巴黎協定規則書協商進展，是現階段氣候公約相關各種談判中，影響最廣泛的工作重點。無論是產業發展、科學報告、政策談判，都會在巴黎協定規則書中的方法論細項中呈現。而其法理問題，從中研析巴黎協定如何擴大連接到聯合國氣候變化綱要公約架構下整套金融、技術與能力建構機制發展，更是我國實質有效參與國際機制的關鍵。臺灣自提出其國家適當減緩行動之目標起，便依循氣候公約相關決議，應對全球暖化與相關衝擊，2015年通過溫室氣體減量及管理法，並提出2030年與2050年之溫室氣體減量目標。本計畫研析相關國際環保公約及倡議對氣候變遷法律等與國際條約管制之影響，可作為編制我國對應國際相關法律工具資訊，與未來我國法律銜接規劃及政策適用性建議參考。 2. 協助行政院環境保護署參與聯合國氣候變化綱要公約會議及相關活動，強化溝通管道及創造實質貢獻契機 臺灣出席參與UNFCCC相關會議活動，援例由行政院環境保護署邀集行政院相關部會負責組團籌劃事宜。2017年5月赴德國波昂出席聯合國氣候變化綱要公約附屬機構會議及特設工作組會議 (SB46)，並參與減緩技術專家會議活動 (TEM-M)。我團亦召開四場次德國波昂氣候會議 (COP23) 組團研商與行前會議，確認與會團員、報名方式、航班住宿，展覽攤位及周邊會議申請及規劃。本計畫於2017年11月參加德國波昂氣候會議，除關注巴黎協定規則書談判進展與斐濟氣候履行動力之後續發展外，並辦理周邊會議與展攤分享臺灣因應氣候變遷的技術能量、政策措施及行動方案，並協助環保署以專文「Addressing Climate Action on Multiple Fronts to Safeguard the Earth」方式發表，盼全球支持我有意義的參與UNFCCC，並尋求於環保、氣候變遷、能源安全及國家永續發展等議題等交流合作。 3. 掌握主要國家及集團公私夥伴創新減碳倡議，促進綠色成長環境 本計畫依據馬拉喀什夥伴倡議者計畫與氣候公約後2020國家自定貢獻合作夥伴計畫中之進展，彙整主要國家及集團之因應氣候變遷與能源政策及倡議，同時參酌各國長期減碳策略，研析2050前，主要工業國家與本年度氣候公約締約方大會主辦方等之立場與針對氣候行動，並針對巴黎協定規則書之產出與2023年之全球盤點產生對於我國整體性的影響進行研析與建議。臺灣為順應全球整體綠色轉型之形勢發展，除正制定出相應政策以帶動企業和技術研發機構進行綠色技術轉移，同時也與國際參與綠色成長之氣候行動夥伴加強相互之間良好的合作關係，以銜接巴黎協定第二條第一項C款所述目標，使資金流向符合邁向溫室氣體排放和氣候韌性發展的路徑。以我國前瞻基礎建設計畫為案例，其達到藉由低碳綠能建設與強化國土韌性以因應氣候變遷與國土安全之需求，是為推展促進綠色成長環境可行方式。 4. 參與2017年氣候變遷議題國際研討會，推展創新育成國際氣候行動夥伴關係 本計畫2017年5月於比利時魯汶 (Leuven, Belgium) 參與「馬爾他氣候變遷調適政策與法律論壇」(Malta Legal Forum on Adaptation to Climate Change)。透過此論壇建立我國與歐盟氣候談判成員與相關領域專家間的常態性交流平台。藉由討論，經由國內管理機制、國際合作機制與夥伴關係，促進我國對氣候變遷行動的貢獻，以符合我國在巴黎協定下的貢獻承諾。論壇認為強調政府間跨部會合作，推動溫室氣體減量管理、調適及中央與地方分層負責推動的機制，將得以引導國際資金、技術移轉工作，促進綠色就業與成長，確保氣候韌性的提升。本計畫工作亦成立海外育成機制非政府組織，以及參與氣候公約既有 RINGO 組織之提案，如年度重點水、能源、食物之綜合研究，藉由我國的積極參與，與國際社會及專家討論關注對我國具有影響的氣候變遷議題。 5. 掌握國際與區域性碳市場價格變動趨勢，研析國際間碳定價機制最新發展情形 本計畫研析國際間的碳定價機制，除了說明碳定價機制與其運作方式之外，也列舉各國碳定價機制的法規依據與引用導入方式，透過國際案例說明，成為我國在擬定未來碳價機制的參考。透過各國市場背景說明、市場政策與交易價格新訊分析，本計畫也就各地市場管制範疇、核配方式等基本要件，以及最新碳價進行彙整。此外，也進一步追蹤各國市場因地制宜的特殊政策，未來如何將我國特殊情況與管制範疇等共同納入市場機制的整體架構中；透過報告資料彙整觀察到市場機制協助公私部門以最具成本效益的方式減量之外，也建議透過每年總量遞減設定，藉由市場機制能達到實質減量效益。

聯合國氣候變化綱要公約、巴黎協定、氣候變遷

unfccc期末報告0202.pdf

13MB

期末報告

2018/4/1 上午 12:00:00

Following the UNFCCC negotiation results, domestic and international policy trends, countries around the world are accelerating on climate actions, improving resilience for climate impacts, developing clean energy technologies, and creating green growth opportunities. This project has followed this trends and relevant responding strategies for the subsequent rule book negotiation process of Paris Agreement of the UNFCCC. The contents of this project are including legal basis along with multi-aspect strategies of sectoral mitigation, market/non-market mechanism, education propaganda, and international collaboration to further cross-link achievements of governments and industrial technologies to lead Taiwan towards a low carbon society. All scheduled tasks for this project have been completed as below: 1. Studying and Following the progress in the development of the Rule Book for the Agreement, proposing policy advice in responding to the Rule Book, and taking into account the development of mechanisms relevant to international and domestic laws, climate finance, technology and capacity building in our policies. The rulebook crafting process of Paris Agreement is the most important task in recent climate negotiations. It has been in the process of expressing the methodology of rulebook including industrial development, scientific reports, and policy strategies. The key legal element for Taiwan to participate in this international environmental treaty is to analyze how Paris Agreement can connect with the UNFCCC under coordination work through finance, technology and capacity building mechanisms. Since Taiwan has proposed NAMAs as our national goal by 2020, we have followed COP decisions to determine domestic strategies in response to climate change impacts. In 2015, Taiwan announced the 2030 target and introduced the Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act to formulate 2030 and 2050 as our national GHG emission reduction target year. The project has analyzed climate legislation and initiatives in worldwide for GHG control management and policy making reference. 2. Providing assistances to the Taiwan EPA in attending the UNFCCC meetings and relevant events/activities; strengthening communication channels and creating opportunities to make concrete contributions. The Taiwan EPA coordinated the Executive Yuan delegation to participate in the UNFCCC activities. The personnel of this project have participated in Bonn SB46 climate conference and the TEM-M activities in Germany in May 2017. The project also has assisted Taiwan EPA to convene four COP delegation preparation meetings to discuss details including delegation assembly, registration procedures, flight and accommodation arrangement, exhibition booth and joint side events’ design and application. The personnel of this project joined with the delegation to participate in COP23 meetings in November, 2017, Bonn, Germany. In this meeting, we focused on the negotiation of rule book of Paris Agreement and the progress of Fiji Momentum for Implementation. The project also organized a side event and exhibition booth to demonstrate technology development capacity, policy and action plans in Taiwan to respond climate change impacts. The project promote Taiwan EPA’s policy article entitled “Addressing Climate Action on Multiple Fronts to Safeguard the Earth” to global society and proactively seeks global society support to Taiwan’s meaningful participation on the UNFCCC. Regarding to the topics of environment, climate change, energy security and national development, the project assists Taiwan EPA to seek potential cooperation opportunities with international channels. 3. Tracking low carbon initiatives from major countries, groups and private-public partnerships and promoting green growth conditions. We accomplished tasks of information of climate ＆ energy policy and long-term low carbon emission strategy in response to climate change in main countries or groups, which is following the trends of Champions’ Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action and Post-2020 NDC partnership. We also analyzed the standpoints and climate actions of industrialized Parties, non-Annex I Parties, and COP meeting host country towards 2050 this year. We collected and concluded the outcome of rulebook negotiation of Paris Agreement and global stocktake in 2023 that will have influences on Taiwan. In coping with global green transition development, Taiwan is now formulating climate policies to encourage industry and research institutes involving green technology transfer and also proactively joining in international climate action partnership for green growth improvement and collaboration. Actions above are connected with the target in Article 2.1.c of Paris Agreement, “making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development,” that is the meaningful measure for Taiwan participating the UNFCCC affairs. Taiwan has formulated “Forward-looking Infrastructure Development Program” as our policy tool towards green growth environment, which is introduced low carbon and green energy infrastructure for improving homeland resilience in response to climate change impacts and homeland security needs. 4. Attending 2017 international conferences on climate changes issues, and promoting and developing innovative partnerships for international climate actions. The project organized and participated in the 2017 Malta Legal Forum on Adaptation to Climate Change in May, 2017, in Leuven, Belgium. The event help constructing a communication platform for governmental representatives and experts for climate change information sharing. Through conference discussion results, we will have an opportunity to fulfill commitments to the Paris Agreement through domestic management mechanism, international collaboration mechanism and partnership relationship. The forum concludes that governments should cooperate with cross-link to promote GHG management, and stimulate green growth policy and jobs to ensure climate resilience improvement. Under the incubation mechanism of this project, the oversea NGO was established to support Taiwan for participating COP activities. Meanwhile, we also participated in RINGO meeting during COP meetings to further discuss up-to-date climate change issues, e.g., water-food-energy nexus with representatives and experts. 5. Following the trends and carbon prices of international and regional carbon markets; studying and analyzing the latest development in international carbon pricing mechanisms. The internationally carbon pricing mechanisms were analyzed in this project. In this report, we concluded contents of carbon pricing mechanism and how it will be operating. Meanwhile, we also listed legal framework and how it will be applied for carbon pricing in most of countries as our reference in the future to introduce carbon pricing scheme. The project analyzed background, policy trends, latest trading information, country/city market control scoping, and allowance strategies of carbon markets in selected countries. The project also tracked special or modified carbon market policies in the world, in order to plan a unique solution for Taiwan carbon market management system in the future. Through our work, we found that utilizing carbon market mechanism will benefit GHG emissions as a cost-efficient measure for public and private sectors; we also recommend to set annual cap in a deduction trend to further realize GHG emission reduction with carbon market.

UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, Climate Change