EPA-106-1605-02-01

106

2,210 千元

2017/03/03

2017/12/31

謝季吟

環檢所

李秋萍

國立屏東科技大學

環境監測及檢測

底泥毒性、河口、端足類、多毛類

Sediment toxicity, Estuaries, Amphipods, Polychaete

王一匡

謝季吟

08-7703202#7507

chiying@mail.npust.edu.tw

河口或近岸區域底泥的污染常來自於上游沖刷沉降，對水生資源及人體健康(藉由食用水生物)可能造成潛在威脅。本研究計畫除了彙整國外底泥生物慢毒性測試方法之文獻資料，主要以耐鹽性底棲無脊椎動物鬍鬚鉤蝦及多毛類建置2種生物慢毒性試驗系統，並確認試驗生物適宜性。本計畫選定底棲鬍鬚鉤蝦(Ptilohyale barbicornis)及多毛類(Perinereis aibuhitensis)作為試驗生物，建立Ptilohyale barbicornis　10天存活/28天存活及成長之急慢毒性效應；Perinereis aibuhitensis　10天存活/28天累積之急慢毒性效應。另採集台灣10處河口底泥樣站進行毒性試驗，將已建置之方法應用於實場底泥，以了解兩類生物對不同河口底泥總污染物之反應，提供生物長期暴露於河口底泥時可能之生物效應相關資訊，即不再侷限於某化學物質濃度的分佈對水域生物的影響不清之疑慮。 本計畫兩種試驗生物馴養及慢毒性最佳試驗條件結果如下，Ptilohyale barbicornis 慢毒性試驗(28-day)之最佳試驗條件為砂質底泥、生物體體長2.5~4.5mm、鹽度19‰、溫度25 ºC及每週餵食三次。Perinereis aibuhitensis慢毒性試驗(28-day)之最佳試驗條件為泥質底泥(泥沙比6:4最佳)、生物體約1.5~3.0g、鹽度20‰、溫度20 ℃。參考毒物(銅)試驗結果顯示Perinereis aibuhitensis暴露於銅溶液之96小時LC50值為0.98 mg/L (CV=7.5%；n=5)。 Ptilohyale barbicornis 暴露於不同濃度重金屬銅底泥中，急毒性(10-day)劑量-效應之半致死濃度(LC50) 為24.56 mg /kg，當底泥中銅濃度達34mg/kg以上時，樣品存活率與控制組間具有顯著性差異(p<0.05)；慢毒性試驗(28-day)結果顯示，劑量-效應之半致死濃度(LC50)為32.72 mg/kg，成長效應結果顯示，Ptilohyale barbicornis暴露於10mg/kg及34 mg/kg 時，體長與控制組不具顯著差異，當濃度達64 mg/kg時，未發現存活個體。Perinereis aibuhitensis暴露於不同濃度重金屬銅底泥中，急毒性(10-day)試驗結果顯示，當底泥中銅濃度達196mg/kg以上時，樣品存活率與控制組間具有顯著性差異(p<0.05)；慢毒性(28-day)劑量-效應之半致死濃度(LC50)為144.5 mg/kg，當銅濃度高於72 mg/kg時，重量與控制組具顯著差異(p<0.05)。添加污染物暴露與生物累積分析濃度呈正相關，且當Perinereis aibuhitensis暴露於底泥銅濃度達72 mg/kg以上時，其生物體銅濃度明顯高於控制組，顯示銅易累積於生物體。 本計畫採集台灣10個採集樣站底泥 ( 客雅溪口(KY)、大城濕地(DC)、龍宮溪口(LG)、將軍漁港 (JJ)、七股潟湖 (CL)、七股潮口(CT)、阿公店溪口(AGD)、後勁溪口(HJ)、旗津漁港(CJ)和林邊溪口(LP))，並進行暴露Ptilohyale barbicornis及Perinereis aibuhitensis於環境樣品之金屬分析及毒性試驗，結果顯示10個樣站重金屬分析均檢出鉛、鋅、鎳、鉻及砷等目標化合物，平均檢出濃度以Zn最高，而鎘均未被檢出。Ptilohyale barbicornis暴露於環境樣品10天底泥急毒性試驗結果顯示， DC、LG、CL、CT、AGD、HJ、CJ及LP等測站之存活率均與控制組存活率具有顯著差異(p < 0.05)；28天底泥慢毒性試驗結果顯示，成長效應之重量相較於控制組多為受到抑制，且10個樣站體長與控制組體長均呈現顯著性差異 (p < 0.05)，顯示環境污染足以影響小型底棲水生生物之存活或成長效應。Perinereis aibuhitensis暴露於環境樣品10天底泥急毒性試驗結果顯示，控制組與樣品存活率經統計分析均無顯著差異；28天底泥慢毒性試驗結果顯示，暴露樣品之存活個體重量則有80% 樣站低於控制組之重量，但經單因子變異數分析結果並不具顯著差異(p > 0.05)；生物累積試驗結果顯示，生物體中銅濃度與控制組具有顯著差異 (p <0.05)，但進一步使用生物累積指標 (Bioaccumulation factor, BAF) 與底泥生物累積指標 (Biota Sediment Accumulation Factors, BSAF) 來進行評估結果顯示本研究環境樣站金屬濃度均不具生物累積之特性。

底泥毒性、河口、端足類、多毛類

【定稿版】期末報告.pdf

7MB

期末報告

2018/2/1 上午 12:00:00

Chemical contaminants discharged into estuaries and coastal areas often attach to sediment particles and are deposited on the sea bed. Contaminant-laden sediments may pose potential threats to coastal ecosystems, the sustainability of aquatic resources, and human health (via the food chain). The main purpose of this project was to establish toxicity test protocols for two saltwater benthic invertebrates (an amphipod and a polychaete) and compare their suitability for toxicity testing through a review of the literature. We selected the local amphipod Ptilohyale barbicornis and polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis as our experimental benthic organisms. We established 10 d / 28 d survival and growth for Ptilohyale barbicornis as the acute and chronic toxicity endpoints. In addition, 10 d / 28 d survival and bioaccumulation effects were evaluated for Perinereis aibuhitensis. The toxicity protocols that we developed were applied using 10 estuarine field sediments collected along the coast of Taiwan in order to understand the sensitivity of the two selected organisms to different estuarine sediments. This information will be used to elucidate the biological effects of long-term exposure to contaminated estuarine sediments. The optimal conditions for Ptilohyale barbicornis estuarine sediment toxicity tests were determined to be 19‰ salinity, 25 ºC water temperature, feeding frequency of three times per week, sandy sediments, and 2.5-4.5 mm body length. Optimal conditions for the Perinereis aibuhitensis toxicity tests were muddy sediment, 1.5 ~ 3.0 g body weight, salinity of 20‰, and temperature of 20 ºC. Under these conditions, a 96 hr LC50 value of 0.98 mg/L (CV = 7.5%) was obtained when Perinereis aibuhitensis was exposed to copper. In copper-spiked sediment toxicity tests, the LC50 value for Ptilohyale barbicornis was 24.56 mg/kg based on dose-response relationships for 10 d sediment acute toxicity. Significant survival differences were observed between formulated sediment and experimental groups at a concentration of 34 mg/kg Cu. In a long-term exposure (28 d) experiment, the LC50 value for Ptilohyale barbicornis was 32.72 mg/kg. Growth (body length) showed no significant differences with controls when Ptilohyale barbicornis was exposed to 10 mg/kg and 34 mg/kg, while there was no survival when exposed to a concentration of 64 mg/kg. The Perinereis aibuhitensis acute toxicity (10 d) test showed that survival rates at sediment concentrations of 196 mg/kg or higher were significantly different from controls (p <0.05). Significant weight differences were observed between formulated sediment and experimental groups at a concentration of 72 mg/kg Cu (p <0.05). The bioaccumulation of spiked copper (72 mg/kg) in Perinereis aibuhitensis was significantly higher than in controls, indicating that Cu accumulates easily in organisms and at rates that are positively related to exposure concentration. We completed the metal analysis at ten collected estuarine sediment samples and conducted 10 d sediment acute toxicity and 28 d chronic toxicity tests of Ptilohyale barbicornis and Perinereis aibuhitensis. The metals lead, zinc, nickel, chromium, and arsenic were detected in all samples, the highest average detected concentration was found to be zinc, and cadmium was not detected. In Ptilohyale barbicornis acute toxicity tests, survival at sites DC, LG, CL, CT, AGD, HJ, CJ, and LP was significantly different from controls (p <0.05). Growth (body length and weight) for Ptilohyale barbicornis was mostly inhibited compared to controls, body lengths in particular being significantly different from controls (p <0.05) when exposed to field sediments. Overall, these contaminant levels affected the survival or growth of these small benthic aquatic organisms. In Perinereis aibuhitensis, survival showed no statistically significant differences between controls and all sampling sites (p >0.05). The 28 d sediment chronic toxicity test showed that 80% of the individuals had lower survival rates than controls, but this was not statistically significant (p >0.05). Bioaccumulation test results showed that there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between the concentration of copper in the organism and in controls. However, the concentrations of metals in environmental samples had bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) values <1.

Sediment toxicity, Estuaries, Amphipods, Polychaete