107

11,203 千元

溫室氣體盤查交易管理

2018/09/13

2019/12/31

劉哲良

環管處

葉宇珊

財團法人中華經濟研究院

大氣空氣、環境影響評估、國際性議題

先期暨抵換專案、碳定價、投資外加性、溫室氣體減量成本、經濟衝擊影響評估、環境影響評估

Early Action Project and Offset Project, Carbon Pricing, Additionality of investment, Reduction costs for GHGs, Economic Impact Analysis, Environmental impact assessment

林宗昱

02-27356006#516

tsungyu@cier.edu.tw

本計畫包含四大工作項，以下分別就各工作項之執行成果，進行簡要綜整說明。 第一工作項目：減量專案制度精進 本年度完成的內容包含如下。（1）已就國際減量額度（Credit）相關制度進行蒐研，如：聯合國清潔發展機制（CDM）、共同減量（JI）、自願碳標準（Voluntary Carbon Standard，VCS）、以及黃金標準（Gold Standard，GS）等最新發展資訊，並因應我國溫室氣體政策，提出對《溫室氣體減量及管理法》第22條減量專案推動機制之修正建議。（2）針對國內外減量專案審議機制進行比較，並就國內減量專案與減量方法審議流程之常見問題提出改善建議。（3）提出《溫室氣體排放源符合效能標準獎勵辦法》草案及協助修正《溫室氣體抵換專案管理辦法》草案並已發布施行。（4）參考國際減量額度編碼格式，完成國內排放額度格式作業要點並進行公告。 第二工作項目：減量專案案件協審 包含：（1）案件協審：本年度工作成果截至12月31日，共協助辦理7場次溫室氣體成效認可審議會、68件次減量專案/減量方法審查作業、以及52場次專案小組初審會議。彙整審議經驗提出審議議題與因應做法。針對我國減量額度每季彙整統計表、每月提供溫室氣體抵換專案審查進度表。（2）國際案例研析：提供5件與住商、運輸相關之減量方法中譯、5件CDM減量專案分析。（3）審查支援工具建置：完成更新國內各產業之WACC及各國CDM專案基準值，根據最新數據狀況顯示國內外產業基準值皆往下調降，主要受中國大陸內需市場緊縮，造成全球貿易量減少。因此各產業之報酬基準值降低，顯示產業投資風險趨向保守。（4）議題研究：彙整國際文獻及報告，探討未來區塊鏈於碳管理議題上之可能應用方向。 第三工項目：開發行為溫室氣體管理 本年工作成果包含：（1）制度建構：協助研擬《行政院環境保護署審查開發行為溫室氣體排放增量抵換處理原則》(草案)，促使環評開發單位落實自身溫室氣體減量工作，及導入資金或技術協助其他小型排放源減量；且將環評溫室氣體項目審查制度化，也有助於加速未來環評審查程序。（2）案件協審：共協助105件環評開發行為之個案審查及分析、4件環評監督案追蹤檢點作業，以及7件六輕總體檢溫室氣體審查作業。（3）成效衡量：本計畫分析環評溫室氣體減量執行成效，統計至目前已結案之環評開發行為排放增量為9,515萬噸、減量5,720萬噸，淨增量為3,795萬噸，減量占比約為60%。環評過程中要求達成的減量承諾之社會效益約為716.7億元/年。 第四工作項：溫室氣體管理措施之經濟影響評估 本年度的工作成果包含四個重點，分別是：（1）彙整因應措施衝擊評估之國際脈絡及發展現況，做為後續進行本土化衝擊評估之參照基礎，並兼得符合國際共識之評估結果；（2）採用效益移轉法計算不同運具（包含汽車4種規格、以及4種機車規格）的碳排成本及空污排放健康成本。期末報告中完成各種運具碳排成本與空污健康成本之計算，並分別探討汽車與機車低碳運具替換所可帶來的減碳效益與空污健康共伴效益；（3）計算臺灣2010年至2016年間之生產與排放導向排放量，並結合經濟產出數據，以了解臺灣近年碳生產力的變化。此外，亦與臺灣主要貿易對象進行比較分析，以定位臺灣在國際上的相對表現；（4）在傳統財務分析架構中將減碳的環境效益納入評估考量，並透過此架構進行衛生掩埋場沼氣發電補助之分析探討。

先期暨抵換專案、碳定價、投資外加性、溫室氣體減量成本、經濟衝擊影響評估、環境影響評估

期末定稿(本文).pdf

14MB

2020/3/12 上午 12:00:00

This project includes four main work items; the implementation results achieved for each work item are summarized below. Work item 1: improvement of voluntary reduction mechanism The outcomes of this work item are listed as below. (1) Review the current status of the international voluntary reduction mechanism, including CDM, VCS, JI, and GS. Based on the information provided in the comments, the suggested amendments to Taiwan's voluntary reduction mechanism are proposed. (2) Compare the review process of domestic and international reduction projects and make recommendations on the current review process in Taiwan. (3) Propose the draft of the "Regulation of Reward for Greenhouse Gas Emission Sources to Meet the Performance Standards" and assist in amending the "Regulations of Management for Greenhouse Gas Offset Projects". (4) With reference to the international credit reduction code format, the "Guidelines to the Credit Format Reduction" is proposed and announced. Work item 2: supporting work of reduction project review The implementation results achieved for this item includes the followings. (1) project review: a total of 7 greenhouse gas reduction outcomes approval review meetings, 68 offset projects / reduction methodology review, and 52 review meetings of technical experts are completed. The results of the project review and expert meeting are compiled and submitted to the Taiwan EPA for record every month. (2) analysis of international case study: Translate 5 of reduction methodologies related to residential and transportation sector, and 5 case study analysis of CDM projects. (3) decision supporting tools building for project review: Update the WACC and offset project benchmark values of various domestic industries in Taiwan. (4) preliminary investigation of frontier research topic: Review the international literature and technical reports to explore possible further application of blockchains on carbon management. Work item 3: GHGs management of development projects The main results of this work item include three as follows. (1) new institutional mechanism building: Assist in the drafting of the "Principle of GHGs Emission Offset for Development Project" (draft) to guide the project developers to implement the GHGs reduction work, and to contribute funds or technologies to assist small emission sources outside the scope of the development project to reduce emission. (2) project review: A total of 105 cases were reviewed and analyzed, 4 environmental impact assessment monitoring cases were tracked and inspected, and 7 greenhouse gas management inspections for the No. 6 Naphtha Cracking Complex were performed. (3) performance measurement: According to statistics, so far, the incremental emissions from development projects that have passed the environmental impact assessment are 95.15 million tons, a reduction of 57.2 million tons, and a net increase of 37.95 million tons. The social benefits of greenhouse gas reductions resulting from Taiwan's EPA review process are calculated to be 71.67 billion NTD annually. Work item 4: economic analysis of response measures for GHGs There are four outcomes for this work item, listed as bellow. (1) review the international context and development status of the impact assessment of response measures as a reference basis for subsequent localized impact assessment. (2) The benefit transfer method is used to calculate the carbon emission cost and air pollution emission health cost of different vehicles (including 4 specifications of automobiles and 4 specifications of motorcycle). Based on the calculation results mentioned above, the carbon reduction benefits and air pollution health co-benefits brought by the replacement of low-carbon vehicles for automobiles and locomotives were discussed in the final report. (3) estimate the production-based and consumption-based emissions from 2010 to 2016 in Taiwan and combine economic output data to understand the changes in Taiwan's carbon productivity in recent years. In addition, it also conducts a comparative analysis with Taiwan's main trading partners to determine the relative performance of Taiwan in the world. (4) propose a framework that integrates the environmental benefits of carbon reduction into the conventional finance analysis framework and analyze and discuss the subsidies for biogas power generation in sanitary landfills through this framework.

Early Action Project and Offset Project, Carbon Pricing, Additionality of investment, Reduction costs for GHGs, Economic Impact Analysis, Environmental impact assessment