EPA-107-GA11-02-A007

107

17,923 千元

土壤及地下水污染整治策略規劃

2018/01/29

2019/07/28

車明道

土污基管會

謝菊蕙

瑞昶科技股份有限公司

土壤及地下水

農地污染、污染預防管理、污染源追查

Farmland Pollution, Pollution Prevention and Management, Pollution Source Tracing

張尊國；高國源

無

高國源

02-77306566#172

kuoyuen@apollotech.com.tw

臺灣農業發展為早期國家經濟成長提供堅實基礎並支持產業轉型，然隨著土壤污染造成食安問題爆發，農業土地保護逐漸引起重視。截至108年6月底，環保署總計調查出受污染農地約1,177公頃，其中已改善完成並解列約823公頃，規劃2〜4年內可完成其餘污染場址改善；另歷年調查尚發現5,330筆農地，其土壤重金屬濃度介於監測及管制標準間，且部份坐落於農委會評估之高污染潛勢圳路引灌範圍。 爰此，環保署委辦「農地污染預防管理計畫」，規劃延續歷年土壤調查成果，推展污染預防及品質保護等工作，主要著重於發展污染管理風險分級，研擬重金屬預防管理強化對策；另研析既有受污染農地資料，完成關聯性調查與求償規劃，並持續擴充資訊平台統計分析功能，整合農地管理與資源應用的能力。 本計畫於重金屬污染農地風險分級及多元管理作業，經蒐集日本、中國大陸及韓國等稻米生產國家管理策略，研提跨部會執行污染改善及管理、污染土壤改善應含括生產環境改善、推動危害程度分級處理及改善復耕後應持續監控等4項建議。另以環保署高污染潛勢農地分級（PN值）及農委會高污染潛勢圳路引灌範圍為基礎，研擬農地污染預防管理風險分級評估架構，將全國約80萬公頃農地分為污染防治區4.1萬公頃、污染預警區8.0萬公頃、優良保護區68萬公頃，並篩選石笱大排引灌範圍湳尾分線及劉厝圳第三灌溉小組、洋仔厝溪排水幹線引灌範圍之小新圳灌溉小組等作為2處污染預警監測示範區，經採集及XRF篩測200組土壤樣品，總計有28組樣品篩測值污染潛勢升高；151組樣品篩測值污染潛勢無明顯變化；21組樣品篩測值污染潛勢降低。 於污染行為人不明之受污染農地追查污染源作業，本計畫經彙整國內曾受重金屬污染之農地資料，完成6處污染溯源評估區篩選及土壤篩測調查，計採集及XRF篩測300組土壤樣品，總計有16組樣品篩測值污染潛勢升高、203組樣品篩測值污染潛勢無明顯變化及81組樣品篩測值污染潛勢降低；水質自動監測及採樣器裝設於4處污染溯源評估區，合計連續監測60個月*站次，採集分析60組水質樣品，其中於大突寮圳、大突寮圳1給水、詹厝園圳中興大排2-1給水、詹厝園圳中興大排3給水、新圳、2-9號池取入水路2等渠道採集到重金屬含量超標之水質樣品。經綜整前述資料，選取3處污染溯源區辦理污染溯源調查，計辦理306組渠道底泥、744組樹脂縮時膠囊及40組特徵調查等作業，並完成臺中市大里區3間、彰化縣彰化市及和美鎮1間、彰化縣鹿港鎮1間，合計3處區域之5間疑似污染行為人之污染農地求償規劃。 於研提強化農地土壤污染預防管理對策及精進措施作業，本計畫經蒐整各部會農水管理措施，由污染源、傳輸途徑、受體土壤及作物等分述管理現況，並依農地污染防治發展進程規劃管理內容。管理面向主要依據土污法及「農地污染之預防與改善推動方案」實施結果，研擬包括「掌握土壤背景」、「維護土壤環境」、「追蹤潛在危害」、「控管污染增量」及「管理特殊母質」等五個目標。各分項措施於執行期間已納入專家諮詢意見修訂，並於農地民意溝通說明會宣導污染預防觀念。

農地污染、污染預防管理、污染源追查

EPA-107-GA11-02-A007 (定稿本)(公開版).pdf

44MB

2019/12/1 上午 12:00:00

The agricultural development was considered as a solid foundation for the industrial transformation in the early stage of economic growth in Taiwan. However, with the outbreak of food safety issues caused by soil pollution, the protection for farmlands has been gradually started to be valued. In view of the fact that the farmland pollution are mainly caused by the pollution in irrigation water source, Taiwan EPA had conducted investigations in the past decades. Until the end of 2017, a total of 1,117 hectares of contaminated farmlands were investigated by EPA, in which 610 hectares have been improved completely and delisted. Improvement works in the remaining pollution sites are expected to be completed within two to four years. However, there were still 7,574 polluted farmland sites found with heavy metal concentration between the Monitoring Standard and Control Standard, and some of them are located in the irrigation range of the “44 ditches with high pollution potential” evaluated by COA at the end of 2016. This condition might lead to three situations which need proper countermeasures, including the concern for repeat pollution, the heavy metal accumulation in the monitoring farmlands (which have almost exceeded the Monitoring Standard), and the huge budget demand for farmland monitoring works. Therefore, as the management and governance for farmlands, EPA has developed and promoted the pollution investigation and controlling works into pollution prevention and quality protection Consequently, following the historical soil survey results, the “Management Project for Pollution Prevention in Farmland” is progressed. This project firstly focusing on the development of multi-management and risk grading strategies for farmlands with heavy metal contamination, the establishment for long-term monitoring and precaution procedures which could effectively avoid heavy metal pollution occurs in the farmlands, and the plan for two demonstration zones for pollution precaution in accordance with the ditch routes with high pollution potential. The demonstration zones include the Third Irrigation Group of Nan-wei branch and Liu-cuo ditch in Shi-gou drainage irrigation zone, and Xiao-shin Ditch Irrigation Group in the irrigation zone of Yang-zi-cuo stream drainage main line. Secondly, the implementation of this project includes summarizing the data of heavy metal polluted farmlands in the country, selecting and screening three pollution source assessment zones for the pollution source investigation works. These three pollution source assessment zones include the irrigation group of Da-tu-liao ditch and Chien-cuo-yuan ditch under the jurisdiction of Taichung Irrigation Association, Group of Gong-cuo branch, Hsin ditch, and Hsin-fen ditch under the jurisdiction of Changhua Irrigation Association, and the 2-9 Group under Taoyuan Irrigation Association. For the risk grading and multi-management for farmlands with heavy metal pollution, this project has searched for the farmlands management strategies in other countries with rice production such as Japan, China, and Korea. After the information collecting and searching process, this project has summarized four suggestions include cross-department implementation for pollution improvement and management, the necessity of production environment improvement to be included in the soil pollution improvement works, the necessity to treat pollutions with different hazard level separately, and the necessity to continue the monitoring process after improvement and rehabilitation. As the farmlands with systematic feature and continuous accumulation of pollutants, two pollution precaution monitoring zones were selected for the environmental site assessments and soil screening survey. There are three irrigation groups included in the range of the two pollution precaution zones, and the total area is about 612 hectares. The team of this project has collected 200 sets of soil samples and screened with XRF analyzer. After comparing the results with the Control Standard and the Monitoring Standard for food corps farmlands, pollution screening value has increased in 28 sets of samples, and has decreased in 21 sets of samples. In other 151 sets of samples, the pollution screening value showed no significant changes. As the plan for the risk grading structure of pollution prevention management in farmlands, this project suggests separating all farmlands (about eight hundred thousand hectares) in the whole country into three parts, including forty-one thousand hectares as farmland deterioration prevention zone, eighty thousand hectares as farmland deterioration precaution zone, and six-hundred and eighty thousand hectares as farmland quality protection zone. Pollution prevention suggestions will be discussed based on different features in each zone. As the pollution source investigation in polluted farmlands with unknown polluter, the team of this project has completed the selection for six pollution source assessment zones and soil screening investigation. The team of this project has collected 300 sets of soil samples and screened with XRF analyzer. After comparing the results with the Control Standard and the Monitoring Standard for food corps farmlands, pollution screening value has increased in 16 sets of samples, and has decreased in 81 sets of samples. In other 203 sets of samples, the pollution screening value showed no significant changes. There are also automatic machines for water quality monitoring and sampling set in four pollution source assessment zones. The monitoring process has continued for sixty months with sixty sets of samples. Water samples with heavy metal concentration exceeding the Control Standard were from Da-tu-liao ditch, No. 1 water supply of Da-tu-liao ditch, No. 2-1 and 3 water supplys of Chung-Hsing main line in Chien-cuo-yuan ditch, Hsin ditch, and the No.2 drainage ditch connected with No. 2-9 pond. The team of this project has completed the selection and investigation planning in three pollution source assessment zones with the works includes 306 samples for the sediment in the ditches, 744 samples of time-lapse resin capsules for heavy metal monitoring, and 40 samples for characterization investigation. According to the result, the pollution mainly includes chromium, copper, nickel, lead, or zinc. Based on possible pollution intervention points, four, eight, and four factories as suspicious polluters were defined according to each factory process operation. The plan for polluted farmlands compensation in three zones has been completed, which includes farmlands in Da-li District in Taichung City, Changhua City and He-mei Township in Changhua County, and Lu-kang Township in Changhua County. After searching and summarizing the management measures for water source and farmlands from each department and association, the team has proposed the management strategies and improvement measures to enhance the soil pollution prevention management for farmlands. Based on the current status of pollution source, delivery, polluted soil and corps management, this project has integrated the promotion process of pollution prevention in farmlands and planned the draft of “Farmland Pollution Prevention Plan”. The team has included the consultation from experts during the implementation to amend the plan, meanwhile, the team has propagate the concept of pollution prevention and got feedback from the resident communication seminar.

Farmland Pollution, Pollution Prevention and Management, Pollution Source Tracing