The mobile source is one of pollution sources which causes poor air quality. The Air Pollution Control Act has been implemented and revised. Because emissions of the mobile source are affected by factors such as vehicle usage age, average driving mile, fuel consumption, fuel efficiency, traffic flow, road length and so on, the various control strategies are still hard to characterize. To quantify the contribution of mobile sources to air quality and evaluate the relationship between the contribution and policy promotion, it’s necessary to continuously improve the estimation for total amount of mobile source emissions, combined with the quantitative demand and emission results of policy reduction.
The control and policy promotion of mobile sources need to be linked to emissions distribution. Therefore, this project evaluates and corrects the appropriateness of each parameter so that the model can be applied to Taiwan and capable of reflecting the effectiveness of policy promotion. In addition, the reduction of emissions from mobile sources, involved in private transportation mode management, traffic control, public transportation promotion, requires cross-departmental consultations and data integration to effectively clarify relevant policies among the various administrative units of the country. Negotiating with other ministries is also a part of the important work.
In order to improve the effectiveness of mobile source control, comprehend the various activity indicators and environmental load of mobile sources, present complex data in useful and easily understandable graphical manners and provide suggestions on the improvement of various mobile source controls to the department, the results of this project are summarized as follows:
1. Collections of various activity intensity indicators for mobile sources from announcement units, announcement frequency and historical data have been completed. And the data up to 2019 has been updated.
2. The results of the estimation for emissions in 2017, 2018 and 2019 have been completed. Because of replacing old vehicles with new ones, the amount of emissions in 2019 were reduced by 20% to 24%, compared with that in 2016.
3. The weight distribution of time and space for various vehicles in 2017 has been completed. The result shows that emissions are mainly concentrated in metropolitan area, freeway and part of provincial highways.
4. The microscopic model for estimating emissions of mobile sources has been constructed. In the model, with the pollution from various vehicle models or vehicle types, emission factors and total amount of various pollution on target roads can be retrieved.
5. According to the actual test results of the old diesel trucks, the emission factors of PM, CO and NOX with aggressive driving behavior are obviously higher than those with normal driving behavior.
6. According to the actual test results of the seven-phase locomotive, the PM, CO and NOX emission coefficients of aggressive driving behaviors are 30% ~ 146%, 3% ~ 54% and 2% ~ 37% higher than normal driving.
7. According to reduction factors and emission factors of diesel trucks, publishing a conference paper and submitting a journal paper to the SCI is planned.
8. According to the results of questionnaire about people’s intention to transferring to public transit, 70% of interviewees have consciousness of air pollution and agree with the strategies; however, only 49% of them are willing to transfer to public transit or low emission vehicles to improve air pollution.
9. According to the results of analyzing emission inventory, strategies for promoting public transit such as inspecting whole bus road network in areas, increasing bus shifts, enhancing management and planning of air quality maintenance zones, subsidy for high-mile motorcycle users to replace vehicles with electric ones are feasible.
10. Sixteen kinds of emission reduction factors and their calculating formula have been completed. They provide the reduction of emission and calculation method under the circumstances with different control strategies.
11. Collections of the latest progress for the Air Pollution Control Act have been completed. The amount of mobile sources is reduced by 29,380.7 metric tons for air pollution emissions from January to October 2020.
12. The total concentration of VOCs is able to decrease by 4% to 20% with prohibiting high-emission vehicles during the times of poor air quality.
