EPA-109-FA12-03-A163

109

15,250 千元

固定污染源管制

2020/04/10

2020/12/31

羅鈞

空保處

黃斯平

環興科技股份有限公司

大氣空氣

戴奧辛、重金屬、環境監測

Dioxin,Heavy metal, Environmental monitoring

陳秉圻

02-27691366#20863

bcchen@mail.sinotech-eng.com

本計畫主要工作內容包括：(1)執行國內戴奧辛及重金屬等空氣污染物排放調查與環境監測、(2)更新及建置戴奧辛及重金屬(鉛、鎘、汞、砷)排放清冊、(3)協助辦理戴奧辛及重金屬排放減量輔導、污染事件緊急應變等相關事宜。 排放調查目的在於建立本土排放係數、提升排放量推估可信度及釐清排放源現況，本年度分別執行戴奧辛及重金屬排放源檢測各3根次，戴奧辛檢測以廢稻殼為燃料之蒸氣鍋爐、大型廢棄物焚化爐及電弧爐為對象，檢測結果均可符合各別行業別戴奧辛排放標準；重金屬則分別檢測水泥旋窯、燒結爐及大型廢棄物焚化爐，檢測結果亦顯示，大型廢棄物焚化爐的空污防制設備完善，收塵效率高，重金屬排放濃度低，符合廢棄物焚化爐排放標準；水泥窯及燒結爐各項有害重金屬類排放濃度中以汞濃度相對較高。 環境空品監測分別於5月及9-10月完成戴奧辛及重金屬一般空品監測22站次，本年度重金屬監測除了一般空品還增加宜蘭3處水泥廠廠區監測。5月份全國戴奧辛監測濃度平均值為0.016 pg I-TEQ/m³(0.014 pg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³)，多氯聯苯監測濃度為0.0014 pg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³， 9-10月份全國戴奧辛監測濃度平均值為0.015 pg I-TEQ/m³(0.013 pg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³)，多氯聯苯監測濃度為0.0010 pg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³，本年度兩次的監測結果與歷年同期監測結果相比均呈下降趨勢，濃度值以高屏空品區較高、北部空品區最低；重金屬部分，一般空品測站之有害重金屬均符合我國或歐盟環境空品基準值，而嘉義市站鉛(Pb)濃度較高，後續將進行排放源查核，各個測站監測結果以地殼類元素濃度較高，24項重金屬質量濃度占PM₁₀比例約2.5%。水泥旋窯廠區以汞及六價鉻濃度較高，主要與使用原物料、摻配料及含鉻旋窯耐火磚有關，建議需進行源頭改善、耐火磚材質汰換，降低空品濃度。 推估108年戴奧辛排放量為49.32 g I-TEQ/年，略低於107年，主要排放源來自電力能源等鍋爐、鋼鐵熔融冶煉及逸散性排放源等(火災、稻草及農業事業廢棄物燃燒)，占整體排放量83%。108年重金屬排放量分別為鉛30.4公噸/年、鎘0.78公噸/年、汞1.76公噸/年及砷3.35公噸/年，與107年排放量推估結果相較變化不大，主要排放源也與電力能源相關，僅鉛主要來自移動源；在不確定性分析部分，固定排放源透過實際檢測數據及空污費資料庫的活動強度數據進行推估，推估結果不確定性較小，逸散源及移動源因較缺乏相關檢測數據故引用國外參數等因素，不確定性較大；移動源與大型焚化爐起停爐的部分則引用國外排放係數部分，目前已經蒐集最新數據資料，但本計畫排放量推估引用之數據需進一步評估，未來將參考較新的研究成果做為未來排放量推估之依據。 排放減量輔導完成13場次輔導作業，其中燃材鍋爐戴奧辛超標主因皆屬缺乏正常操作維護，濾袋破損導致；部分操作方式如活性碳噴入方式不當致無法有效吸附戴奧辛等，亦提供改善建議，108年度有超標記錄的燃材鍋爐業者皆已申請停工，或改用燃油或燃氣鍋爐替代；事業廢棄物焚化爐部份超標原因係濾袋長時間未更換而破損導致戴奧辛排放超標，目前已改善完成；S3焚化爐超標，該廠近年處理一般事業廢棄物的比例攀升，建議需有效管控焚化爐燃燒之廢棄物的氯含量；國內火化場主要使用觸媒分解塔降解戴奧辛，但火化場業者使用觸媒塔均長期未更換觸媒，建議應加強濾袋維護更新及檢視觸媒活性，必要時汰舊換新，另採用活性碳噴注之火化場需注意後續飛灰的處理方式；煉鋼業電弧爐超標，則建議除強化既有即冷設施效率外，廢鐵品質也需積極管控。 規劃及檢討修訂排放管制標準部分，主要在於協助辦理鉛二次冶煉、水泥業和一般廢棄物焚化爐空氣污染物排放標準研修等工作；其中鉛二次冶煉排放標準實施迄今已經20餘年，防制技術已有大幅的進步，相關標準有修訂的必要，目前已完成國內排放現況蒐集、現勘，並蒐集國外相關排放標準、排放現況工作及擬定建議之修訂標準草案，後續將協助辦理相關行政作業，水泥窯和焚化爐排放標準部分，目前已完成業者的排放現況調查、國際排放標準與相關文獻的彙整及衝擊性評估。 本計畫執行成本效益分析部分，估算的範圍包含本計畫減量輔導和法規修訂可能帶來不同污染物排放減量，利用不同固定源行業別之均化單位效益參數，進行水泥窯、一般廢棄物焚化爐減量所衍生經濟效益分析，法規修訂之衍生經濟效益遠高於業者所需投入之改善經費，而排放標準修訂衍生經濟效益大於戴奧辛減量輔導效益。

戴奧辛、重金屬、環境監測

109期末報告修正稿N(去識別化).pdf

17MB

2021/3/31 上午 12:00:00

The scope of this project includes: 1) surveying the stationary emission and monitoring the ambient air quality of dioxins and heavy metals; 2) establishing and updating emission inventory; 3) assisting the control, reduction and emergency response of dioxins and heavy metals emission. The purposes of emission survey are to establish the emission factors, to improve the reliability of emission estimate quantity, and to clarify the current emission status of emission sources. Dioxin and heavy metal emission surveys were performed at three stationary sources. Additionally, steam boilers burning waste rice husk as fuel, municipal waste incinerators, and electric arc furnaces were selected for dioxin emission surveys. It was found that all of the dioxin emission concentrations can meet the emission standards. Cement rotary kilns, sintering furnaces, and municipal waste incinerators were selected to conduct emission surveys for heavy metals. Municipal waste incinerators equipped with good air pollution control devices and performed good waste recovery classification showed low emission concentrations of heavy metals that meets the emission standards. In contrast, the cement industry and sintering furnace showed higher mercury emission concentration among all harmful heavy metals. The dioxin and heavy metal air quality monitoring campaigns were executed in May and within September and October in this year. The average dioxin concentration of 22 ambient air monitoring stations was 0.016 pg I-TEQ/m³, showing a decending trend as compared with previous monitoring results. The ambient concentrations of hazardous heavy metals obtained in general air quality monitoring stations can meet the standards of Taiwan and the European Union. The concentrations of crust element-type heavy metals were higher than the other types. The mass concentrations of 24 heavy metals accounted for about 2.5% of the total PM₁₀ mass. The ambient environment of cement plants showed higher concentrations of mercury and hexavalent chromium, which are mainly related to the use of raw materials and chromium-containing refractory bricks for the cement kiln. It is recommended to rationalize the use of raw materials and change the chromium-containing refractory bricks for reduction of the ambient heavy metal concentration. The total dioxin emission quantity is estimated 49.32 g I-TEQ/year in 2019, slightly lower than that in 2018. The main dioxin emission sources are boilers such as coal-fired power plants, steel melting industries, and fugitive emission sources (fire, straw and agricultural waste combustion, etc.), which account for 83% of the total emissions. As for the heavy metal emissions in 2019, the total emissions of lead , cadmium, mercury, and arsenic are 30.4, 0.78, 1.76, and 3.35 metric tons/year, respectively, and comparable to those surveyed in 2018. The main heavy metal emissions are also related to energy/electricity sources, with the exception of lead that comes mainly from mobile sources. In respect of uncertainty analysis and emission level classification, the emission data for stationary source based on actual emission tests and database from air pollution fee showed better reliability. In contrast, the data for fugitive sources and mobile sources poor reliability due to lack of test data. A total of 13 plants of emission reduction counseling were executed in this project. Among them, four of the fuel-burning boilers exceeded the emission standards due to the lack of normal operation and maintenance of the air pollution control equipment, e.g., filter bag damaged and inappropriate way of spraying activated carbon into anti-control equipment that makes the carbon impossible to effectively adsorb dioxin, etc. Suggestions for improvement were provided in this project. Two of the fuel-fired boilers have been shutdown or replaced with fuel-oil or fuel-gas boilers. The reason for exceeding the dioxin emission standard of the industrial waste incinerator is that the filter bag has not been replaced for a long time or is damaged. Follow-up improvements have been completed. The medical incinerators are advised to counsel the industry to change the activated carbon injection method to reduce the proportion of unburned carbon in fly ash. There are totally five cremation sites mainly using catalyst decomposition towers, but the catalyst bricks used have not been replaced for a long time. It is suggested that the maintenance of filter bags and the inspection of catalyst should be strengthened to check whether the catalyst is still active and at the same time assessing the need for replacement. Cremation furnaces using activated carbon injection have the problem that fly ash cannot be properly handled. The main reason for municipal waste combustors that exceed the dioxin emission standard is that the quality of disposal of industrial waste is too complicated to be controlled. The reason for the electric arc furnace is to prevent from the lack of proper maintenance of the equipment and the poor nature of the scrap iron. By planning and reviewing the revision of emission control standards, the emission standards for incinerator, cement kiln and lead secondary production were proposed. Assistance in planning heavy metal emission control strategy for coal-fired power plants was also implemented. Among them, the lead secondary smelting emission standard has been implemented for more than 20 years, thus it is indeed necessary to amend it. At present, the domestic emission status collection and site survey have been completed, the relevant foreign emission standard work and the proposed revision standard draft have been collected, and the subsequent administrative work will assist the revision of relevant laws. An economic impact analysis was conducted in this project, including the actual plant reduction counseling and the draft of the revised regulations of lead secondary production, municipal waste incinerator and cement kiln to estimate the possible reductions in emissions of different pollutants. The averaged unit benefit (BPT) parameters of different stationary source industries were used in this analysis. The economic benefits derived from the reduction of cement kiln and large-scale waste incinerator regulations after revision were estimated. The analytical results showed that the economic benefit of derivation is much higher than the improvement expenditure required, and the benefit of legal revision is much larger than the benefit of dioxin reduction counseling.

Dioxin,Heavy metal, Environmental monitoring