110A006

110

4,970 千元

科技發展-化學物質科學研究

2021/01/13

2021/12/31

白秀華

化學局

張雅筑

國立高雄大學

環境衛生

環境用藥、環境害蟲、防治、監測、毒糖餌劑

environmental pesticides, environmental pest, control, monitoring, attractive toxic sugar baits

徐爾烈

林楷宸

07-5919755#

minglin9966@gmail.com

臺灣地處亞熱帶及熱帶，氣候溫暖潮濕，環境適合蚊、蠅、蟑螂、蛾蚋、塵蟎及臭蟲等孳生，其不僅為居家內、外重要的環境衛生病媒害蟲，亦代表環境良窳之指標。環境衛生病媒害蟲之防治首重環境衛生改善，而其成效的好壞有賴於對害蟲生態習性之瞭解、害蟲發生之監測、殺蟲劑的選擇及抗藥性的定期偵測。本研究團隊於 103 至 109 年已完成調查北部品系 A、北部品系 B、北部品系 C、北部品系 D、北部品系 E、中部品系 B、中部品系 C、中部品系 E、南部品系 C、南部品系 D、東部品系 A及東部品系 B 之蚊類、蠅類、蟑螂 、蛾蚋、塵蟎及臭蟲之種類及密度監測，並完成上述環境衛生害蟲對 10 種環境用藥有效成分殺蟲劑及市售環境用藥之抗藥性檢測，建立蟑螂及臭蟲於不同材質之防治技術及各種害蟲簡易快速之殺蟲劑抗藥性檢測方法。 　　本年度 (110 年) 分析 103 至 109 年之上述調查數據，建立臺灣城區環境衛生害蟲種類、區域及選擇環境衛生用藥成分及劑型之調查原則；結果害蟲種類及地區調查之原則，建議以整年 1 至 12 月完整調查規劃，調查地區全臺分三期進行，第一期以五都及曾檢出抗藥性品系之縣市為優先；並以害蟲易孳生之場所為調查地點；害蟲調查方法依監測調查或為建立品系，及不同害蟲種類選擇適用之調查方法；環境用藥有效成分及劑型調查之原則，建議曾檢出害蟲抗藥性者先行調查，且該品系需進一步進行廣範圍交互抗性檢測，以確認殺蟲劑有效成分對於環境害蟲是否產生交互抗性或多重抗藥性；而選擇劑型之調查原則，依環保署化學局之環境用藥許可證及病媒防治業網路查詢系統統計數量分三期進行，以環境用藥市售商品數量多者及過去曾檢出未符合環保署環境衛生用藥許可證登記防治效能之藥效檢測結果審查基準者優先。 　　本年度 (110 年) 調查臺灣城區主要環境衛生害蟲種類及基礎生態研究、監測及密度，並建立穩定實驗室族群，結果已完成 1 至 11 月北部品系 A、北部品系 D、中部品系 D、南部品系 B及南部品系 E之病媒蚊及蠅類之族群種類及密度調查，並完成建立白線斑蚊 5 個品系、埃及斑蚊 1 個品系、熱帶家蚊 5 個品系、白腹叢蚊 4 個品系；普通家蠅 5 個品系、大頭金蠅 5 個品系、黑腹果蠅 5 個品系。完成 1 至 11 月中部品系 D、中部品系 E、南部品系 B、南部品系 E 及東部品系 B 之蟑螂族群種類及密度調查，並完成建立德國蟑螂 5 個品系及美洲蟑螂 5 個品系。完成 1 至 11 月北部品系 A、南部品系 B 及南部品系 E 之蛾蚋族群種類及密度調查，並完成建立白斑蛾蚋 3 個品系。完成 1 至 11 月北部品系 A 及南部品系 E 之塵蟎族群種類及密度調查，並完成建立歐洲室塵蟎 2 個品系及美洲室塵蟎 1 個品系。完成建立溫帶臭蟲中部品系 B及中部品系 E。 研發防治斑蚊成蟲之誘引劑技術，已完成蒐集及研析國內外文獻共 73 篇，並完成不同類型糖餌劑取食率試驗及誘引劑偏好指數試驗，結果顯示糖餌劑類型以條狀糖水濕潤海綿及果凍條效果最好；誘引劑以0.1 μg / ml 之TNT溶液 (肉豆蔻酸、壬酸及肉豆蔻甲酯) 偏好指數為佳；毒糖餌劑 (含 0.1 μg / ml TNT溶液及1 % 硼酸) 之藥效檢測，結果顯示，對埃及斑蚊 48 小時死亡率最高可達99 % ，對白線斑蚊 48 小時死亡率最高可達 93 % ，顯示毒糖餌劑具防治斑蚊潛能。 於民國 110年 8 月 5 日辦理完成 1 場專家諮詢會議，共邀請 7 位專家，提供卓見指導研究之正確方向。本研究完成進度 100%，符合期末 100% 及完成 1 場專家諮詢會議之進度。

環境用藥、環境害蟲、防治、監測、毒糖餌劑

110 年環境用藥防治技術監測計畫-成果報告(定稿本).pdf

8MB

成果報告

2022/1/31 上午 12:00:00

Located in subtropical and tropical regions, Taiwan has a warm and humid climate that supports the breeding of mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, moth flies, dust mites and bed bugs. They are not only important environmental pests inside and outside the home, but also indicators of environmental quality. The top priority of the control of environmental pests is to improve environmental sanitation, and its effectiveness depends on the understanding of the ecological habits of pests, the monitoring of pest occurrence, the selection of pesticides and the regular detection of pesticides resistance. From 2014 to 2020, our research team has completed the investigation on mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, moth flies, dust mites and bedbugs of northern strains A, B, C, D, E, central strains B, C, E, southern strains C and D as well as eastern strains A and B. In addition, the pesticides resistance tests of the above-mentioned environmental pests to 10 pesticides and commercial environmental agents were completed, and the different control techniques against the cockroaches and bedbugs and the simple and rapid pesticides resistance detection methods for various pests were established. This year (2021), the foregoing survey data from 2014 to 2020 were analyzed to establish the survey principles for the species and regions of environmental pests in urban areas of Taiwan and the selection of environmental agent components and dosage forms; Based on the analysis results, it was suggested that a complete survey plan should be carried out for investigating the species and regions of pests from January to December of the whole year, and the survey areas should be divided into three phases in Taiwan. The first phase should be carried out in five special municipalities and counties where resistance strains had been detected. The places where pests were breeding were taken as the investigation sites. Methods of pest investigation were selected according to the monitoring survey or for the establishment of strain and different pest species; In terms of the principles of the investigation on the effective ingredients and dosage forms of environmental pesticides, it was suggested that the areas where resistance to pesticides had been detected should be investigated first, and further extensive cross-resistance testing should be carried out for this strain to confirm whether the effective ingredients of pesticides had cross-resistance or multi-resistance to environmental pests; The selection of dosage forms was carried out in three phases in accordance with statistical magnitude on Environmental Agent Permit and Pest Control Industry License released by Toxic and Chemical Substances Bureau, EPA. Those with a large number of environmental agents on the market and those whose efficacy test results in the past failed to meet the standards of prevention and control efficacy registered in accordance with Environmental Agent Permit are preferred. This year (2021), the species and basic ecological research, monitoring and density of main environmental pests in urban areas of Taiwan were investigated and a stable laboratory strain was established. The group and density of mosquitoes and flies from January to November of northern strain A, northern strain D, central strain D, southern strain B and southern strain E were investigated. Besides, we’ve completed establishing 5 strains of Aedes albopictus, 1 strain of Aedes aegypti, 5 strains of Culex quinquefasciatus, 4 strains of Armigeres subalbatus, 5 strains of Musca domestica, 5 strains of Chrysomyia megacephala, 5 strains of Drosophila melanogaster. From January to November, the species and density of cockroaches of central strains D, central strains E, southern strains B, southern strains E and eastern strains B were investigated, and 5 strains of Blattella germanica and 5 strains of Periplaneta americana were established. From January to November, the population species and density of northern strain A, southern strain B and southern strain E were investigated and 3 strains of Telmatoscopus albipunctatus were established. The species and density of the northern strain A and the southern strain E were investigated from January to November, and 2 strains of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and 1 strain of Dermatophagoides farinae were established. Central strain B and Central strain E of Cimex lectularius were established. In this research, an attractant technique for controlling adult Aedes mosquitoes was developed. A total of 73 domestic and foreign paper have been collected and analyzed, and experiments on feeding rate of different types of sugar baits and attractant preference index have been completed. The results showed that as far as the type of sugar bait was concerned, the sponge strip adsorbed by syrup and jelly bars performed best; The attractant at 0.1 μg/ml TNT solution has the best preference index. The efficacy of the attractive toxic sugar baits (containing 0.1 μg/ml TNT solution and 1 % boric acid) was tested and the results showed that mortality can reach to 99 % and 93 % for both of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus after 48 hours. An expert consultation meeting was held on August 5. Of which, seven experts were invited to provide their insights and guidance on the correct direction of research. The study is 100% completed at present, meeting the condition of 100% completion of the research and holding an expert consultation meeting.

environmental pesticides, environmental pest, control, monitoring, attractive toxic sugar baits