111

4,286 千元

地方政府執行空氣污染防制工作

2022/06/17

2022/12/31

陳昭忞

高雄市政府環境保護局

吳岫軒

昱山環境技術服務顧問有限公司

大氣空氣

高雄港區，船舶

Kaohsiung Port Area, ships

蔡詩珊

07-3230639#28

susan@wecc.com.tw

本計畫為瞭解船舶污染對港區的影響，特針對船舶燃油進行書面稽查120艘次，其中98艘次船舶燃油硫含量介於0.5%與0.1%之間；而20艘次船舶則使用比我國要求硫含量<0.5%更嚴謹之超級柴油或海運輕柴油或特種低硫燃料油或DMA(0.1%)，其硫含量更低於0.1%；另外2艘(長範輪及永明輪)則使用高於0.5%硫含量之燃油並裝置同等減排裝置(Scrubber)。並每月蒐集交通部航港局南部航務中心稽查之船舶硫含量，從111年共稽查353艘次，全數均符合0.5%以下低硫燃油之規定。另，針對高雄港歷年進出頻繁之10大船種進行隨機各2件燃油樣品取樣，共計取樣20件燃油，其檢驗分析結果均符合移動污染源燃料管制標準之硫含量(0.5%)。 空氣品質監測站監測數據蒐集分析方面，比對港區周邊歷年(106~111年)環保署三測站之懸浮微粒、細懸浮微粒、二氧化硫、二氧化氮及臭氧，結果顯示111年PM10、PM2.5、SO2及NO2及O3濃度皆比106年下降，分別降幅為38.67%、31.86%、62.02%及20.64%及7.57%，其中以SO2降幅為最大，其原因為航港局107年2月1日率先於高雄港實施低硫燃油獎勵措施，因此107年SO2與106年相比下降9.71%；而航港局自108年1月1日起便實施國際航線船舶硫含量管制措施，SO2降幅更顯著，達42.82%。 維護2套高雄港區車牌自動辨識及CCTV方面，55號碼頭之車牌辨識系統從111年5月異常至本計畫執行期間(8月26日)修復後才有正常影像畫面，因此統計總運輸車輛數為182,366輛，全符合防制設施規定；另，58號碼頭之車牌辨識，總運輸車輛數為335,670輛，全符合防制設施規定；54、 55號碼頭則架設兩套視覺影像設備，以利監督碼頭大宗散貨裝卸情形。而就港區施工機具現況調查，以堆高機為港區機具之大宗(佔82%)，因此本團隊今年度優先以檢測47輛堆高機，其中30輛堆高機符合黑煙不透光率1.0m-1以下，並取得自主管理標章，合格率63.8%。而就無牌車輛添加生質柴油可行性評估而言，港區內有281輛無牌柴油曳引車，其中一、二期車輛為169輛，約佔港區整體無牌柴油曳引車60%，但港區無牌車輛皆屬各碼頭業者私有財產，均無意願提供試驗，因此本年度無法進行添加生質柴油試驗。本計畫也於執行期間積極因應港區空品惡化進行19次應變，其中8月執行3次應變、10月執行1次應變、11月則因污染物累積滯留且大氣擴散條件不佳，執行10次應變、12月執行5次應變。 由本年度細懸浮微粒採樣解析顯示日夜間濃度變化會受海陸風影響，且均呈現中和安檢所PM2.5濃度高於旗后安檢所之現象。主要水溶性離子成分濃度依序為SO42- > NO3- > NH4+ > Cl- > Na+。金屬元素成分皆以Fe、Mg、K、Al及Ca等地殼元素為主，其次為V、Ni、Zn等人為污染物。總碳(TC)平均濃度由高至低依序為中和安檢所>旗后安檢所，乃因中和安檢所位於第二港口有較多的大型船舶進出及鄰近鋼鐵工業，因此較多的船舶及車輛尾氣排放影響PM2.5中碳成分濃度較高。本團隊人工採樣點位PM2.5之碳成分皆以有機碳(OC)為主，顯示碳成分與燃燒、二次光化學反應、交通排放等相關。從CMB解析結果發現高雄港區之漁船排放貢獻率約佔5.95~8.68%，顯示高雄港區之漁船廢氣排放對PM2.5濃度仍佔有一定比例。 另就揮發性有機物(VOCs)採樣，檢出化合物濃度的前三名分別是以丙酮、C2-VOC(乙烯+乙炔+乙烷)、甲苯三種化合物為主，乙烯+乙炔+乙烷可能源自工業來源、不完全燃燒；丙酮源自工商業用溶劑或光化學產物；甲苯則大部份源自工業用溶劑及少部份源自汽機車引擎的排氣。由採樣結果得知管制高雄港的VOC將有助於控制港區的臭氧。另本年度於第二次採樣中檢出「萘」，且由其他文獻佐證船舶所排放多環芳香烴碳氫化合物中以萘為主，因此「萘」將成為本團隊後續追蹤船舶VOCs排放物種首要指標。 綜合上述，為維護港區環境空氣品質，除持續稽查管制船舶燃油使用情況，並同時蒐集港區相關污染源數據及調查港區PM2.5及VOCs的可能污染來源，供未來防制作為參考，以期全面降低港區空氣污染物排放，維護市民良好空氣品質。

高雄港區，船舶

03-1本文-111高雄港區期末報告定稿0220.pdf

17MB

期末報告定稿

2023/12/6 上午 12:00:00

In order to understand the impact of ship pollution on the port, we conducted 120 written inspections of ship fuel oil, of which 98 ship fuel oil sulfur content was between 0.5% and 0.1%. The other two ships use Fuels with a sulfur content higher than 0.5% should be equipped with equivalent emission reduction devices (Scrubber), also collects the sulfur content of ships inspected by the Maritime and Port Bureau, MOTC. In addition, randomly sampled 2 pieces of fuel oil from each of the 10 types of ships that frequently entered and exited Kaohsiung Port over the years. A total of 20 pieces of fuel oil were sampled. The inspection and analysis results all met the sulfur content (0.5%) of the mobile pollution source fuel control standard. In terms of data collection and analysis from air quality monitoring stations, compared the suspended particulates, fine suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone at the three monitoring stations of the Environmental Protection Agency around the port area over the years (2017-2022), the results show that PM10, PM2.5. The concentrations of SO2, NO2 and O3 all decreased compared with 2017, by 38.67%, 31.86%, 62.02%, 20.64% and 7.57% respectively. The reason is that the Maritime and Port Bureau took the lead in implementing low-sulfur fuel incentive measures in Kaohsiung Port on February 1, 2018, so SO2 in 2018 decreased by 9.71% compared with 2010, and the Port Bureau has implemented it since January 1, 2019 The reduction in SO2 is even more significant, reaching 42.82%. Maintenance of 2 sets of automatic license plate recognition and CCTV in the Kaohsiung Port area. The automatic number-plate recognition of Pier 55 was abnormal until to the restoration of August 26. Therefore, the total traffic statistics The number of vehicles is 182,366, which fully complies with the regulations for air pollution control equipment. In addition, the number of license plate recognition at Pier 58 is 335,670 vehicles, which fully complies with the regulations for air pollution control equipment. Piers 54 and 55 have set up two sets of visual imaging equipment, To facilitate the supervision of bulk cargo loading and unloading at the wharf. As for the survey of the current situation of construction machinery in the port area, forklifts are the bulk of the machinery in the port (accounting for 82%). Therefore, our team will give priority to testing 47 forklifts, of which 30 forklifts meet the requirements of black smoke impenetrability rate is below 1.0m-1, with a pass rate of 63.8%. As for the feasibility assessment of adding biodiesel to unlicensed vehicles, there are 281 unlicensed diesel tractor vehicles in the port area, including 169 vehicles in the first and second phases, accounting for about 60% of the total unlicensed diesel tractor vehicles in the port area. But the unlicensed vehicles in the port area are all private property of the terminal operators, and they are not willing to provide the test, so the test of adding biodiesel cannot be carried out this year. During the deteriorating air quality period, this plan actively responded to the deterioration of air products in the port area and carried out 19 contingencies. Analysis of fine suspended particulates samples this year shows that day and night concentration changes will be affected by sea and land breezes, and the PM2.5 concentration in the Zhonghe Inspection Office is higher than that in the Qihou Inspection Office. The concentration of main water-soluble ion components is SO42- > NO3- > NH4+ > Cl- > Na+. The metal elements are mainly composed of crustal elements such as Fe, Mg, K, Al, and Ca, followed by man-made pollutants such as V, Ni, and Zn. The average concentration of total carbon (TC) in order from high to low is Zhonghe Inspection Office > Qihou Inspection Office, because the Zhonghe Inspection Office is located in the second port where there are larger ships entering and leaving and it is close to the steel industry, so there are more exhaust emissions from ships and vehicles affect the concentration of carbon components in PM2.5. The carbon composition of PM2.5 in the manual sampling points of our team is mainly organic carbon (OC), which shows that the carbon composition is related to combustion, secondary photochemical reactions, and traffic emissions. From the analysis results of CMB, it is found that the emission contribution rate of fishing boats in the Kaohsiung Port area is about 5.95~8.68%, which shows that the emission of fishing boats in the Kaohsiung Port area still accounts for a certain proportion of PM2.5 concentrations. In addition, when sampling volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the top three detected compounds are mainly acetone, C2-VOC (ethylene + acetylene + ethane), and toluene. C2-VOC may come from Industrial sources, acetone is derived from industrial and commercial solvents or photochemical products, toluene is mostly derived from industrial solvents and a small part from the exhaust of automobile and motorcycle engines. According to the sampling results, it is known that the control of VOC in Kaohsiung Port will help to control the ozone in the port area. In addition, "naphthalene" was detected in the second sampling this year, and other reference have proved that naphthalene is the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emitted by ships. Therefore, "naphthalene" will become the primary species of VOCs emissions from ships in the follow-up tracking of the team. Based on the above, in order to maintain the ambient air quality in the port area, in addition to continuously inspecting the fuel of ships, at the same time collect relevant pollution source data in the port area and investigate the possible pollution sources of PM2.5 and VOCs in the port area for reference in future prevention and control, comprehensively reduce air pollutant emissions in the port area and maintain good air quality for citizens.

Kaohsiung Port Area, ships