In order to understand the impact of ship pollution on the port, we conducted 120 written inspections of ship fuel oil, of which 98 ship fuel oil sulfur content was between 0.5% and 0.1%. The other two ships use Fuels with a sulfur content higher than 0.5% should be equipped with equivalent emission reduction devices (Scrubber), also collects the sulfur content of ships inspected by the Maritime and Port Bureau, MOTC. In addition, randomly sampled 2 pieces of fuel oil from each of the 10 types of ships that frequently entered and exited Kaohsiung Port over the years. A total of 20 pieces of fuel oil were sampled. The inspection and analysis results all met the sulfur content (0.5%) of the mobile pollution source fuel control standard.
In terms of data collection and analysis from air quality monitoring stations, compared the suspended particulates, fine suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone at the three monitoring stations of the Environmental Protection Agency around the port area over the years (2017-2022), the results show that PM10, PM2.5. The concentrations of SO2, NO2 and O3 all decreased compared with 2017, by 38.67%, 31.86%, 62.02%, 20.64% and 7.57% respectively. The reason is that the Maritime and Port Bureau took the lead in implementing low-sulfur fuel incentive measures in Kaohsiung Port on February 1, 2018, so SO2 in 2018 decreased by 9.71% compared with 2010, and the Port Bureau has implemented it since January 1, 2019 The reduction in SO2 is even more significant, reaching 42.82%.
Maintenance of 2 sets of automatic license plate recognition and CCTV in the Kaohsiung Port area. The automatic number-plate recognition of Pier 55 was abnormal until to the restoration of August 26. Therefore, the total traffic statistics The number of vehicles is 182,366, which fully complies with the regulations for air pollution control equipment. In addition, the number of license plate recognition at Pier 58 is 335,670 vehicles, which fully complies with the regulations for air pollution control equipment. Piers 54 and 55 have set up two sets of visual imaging equipment, To facilitate the supervision of bulk cargo loading and unloading at the wharf. As for the survey of the current situation of construction machinery in the port area, forklifts are the bulk of the machinery in the port (accounting for 82%). Therefore, our team will give priority to testing 47 forklifts, of which 30 forklifts meet the requirements of black smoke impenetrability rate is below 1.0m-1, with a pass rate of 63.8%. As for the feasibility assessment of adding biodiesel to unlicensed vehicles, there are 281 unlicensed diesel tractor vehicles in the port area, including 169 vehicles in the first and second phases, accounting for about 60% of the total unlicensed diesel tractor vehicles in the port area. But the unlicensed vehicles in the port area are all private property of the terminal operators, and they are not willing to provide the test, so the test of adding biodiesel cannot be carried out this year. During the deteriorating air quality period, this plan actively responded to the deterioration of air products in the port area and carried out 19 contingencies.
Analysis of fine suspended particulates samples this year shows that day and night concentration changes will be affected by sea and land breezes, and the PM2.5 concentration in the Zhonghe Inspection Office is higher than that in the Qihou Inspection Office. The concentration of main water-soluble ion components is SO42- > NO3- > NH4+ > Cl- > Na+. The metal elements are mainly composed of crustal elements such as Fe, Mg, K, Al, and Ca, followed by man-made pollutants such as V, Ni, and Zn. The average concentration of total carbon (TC) in order from high to low is Zhonghe Inspection Office > Qihou Inspection Office, because the Zhonghe Inspection Office is located in the second port where there are larger ships entering and leaving and it is close to the steel industry, so there are more exhaust emissions from ships and vehicles affect the concentration of carbon components in PM2.5. The carbon composition of PM2.5 in the manual sampling points of our team is mainly organic carbon (OC), which shows that the carbon composition is related to combustion, secondary photochemical reactions, and traffic emissions. From the analysis results of CMB, it is found that the emission contribution rate of fishing boats in the Kaohsiung Port area is about 5.95~8.68%, which shows that the emission of fishing boats in the Kaohsiung Port area still accounts for a certain proportion of PM2.5 concentrations.
In addition, when sampling volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the top three detected compounds are mainly acetone, C2-VOC (ethylene + acetylene + ethane), and toluene. C2-VOC may come from Industrial sources, acetone is derived from industrial and commercial solvents or photochemical products, toluene is mostly derived from industrial solvents and a small part from the exhaust of automobile and motorcycle engines. According to the sampling results, it is known that the control of VOC in Kaohsiung Port will help to control the ozone in the port area. In addition, "naphthalene" was detected in the second sampling this year, and other reference have proved that naphthalene is the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emitted by ships. Therefore, "naphthalene" will become the primary species of VOCs emissions from ships in the follow-up tracking of the team.
Based on the above, in order to maintain the ambient air quality in the port area, in addition to continuously inspecting the fuel of ships, at the same time collect relevant pollution source data in the port area and investigate the possible pollution sources of PM2.5 and VOCs in the port area for reference in future prevention and control, comprehensively reduce air pollutant emissions in the port area and maintain good air quality for citizens.
