EPA-111-A249

111

13,000 千元

溫室氣體減緩策略規劃

2022/07/26

2023/12/31

李莉鈴

氣候署淨零推動組

朱肇安

財團法人工業技術研究院

氣候變遷

國家清冊報告、溫室氣體、聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約

National Inventory Repot, Green House Gas, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

李佩鈴

李佩鈴

03-5914231#

peiling533131@itri.org.tw

　　國際社會己承認人為溫室氣體排放是氣候變遷主要原因。根據2021年聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC)發表的第六次評估報告(The Sixth Assessment Report, AR6)，自1750年以來，大氣中溫室氣體濃度明顯增加，主因是人類活動。為因應氣候變遷，全球需比以往更加努力。為此，2015年UNFCCC COP 21巴黎協定同意限制全球平均溫度升高不超過2°C，強調了全球性行動的迫切性。在減緩行動中，透明度變得愈發重要，國家溫室氣體清冊（National Inventory Report, 以下簡稱國家清冊）成為提供溫室氣體排放及變化資訊的關鍵依據。國家清冊在全球氣候變遷議程中扮演著至關重要的角色，是由各國政府根據聯合國氣候變化綱要公約(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC)和京都議定書(Kyoto Protocol, KP)的要求而提交的，主要用於記錄和報告各國溫室氣體排放量，這為政策制定者在制定和實施國家減緩行動策略時提供重要指引。 　　自2012年底，我國環保署成立了「國家溫室氣體排放清冊審議會議」，並完成2014年及2015年的國家溫室氣體清冊報告。自2015年起「溫室氣體減量及管理法（簡稱溫管法）」（2023年修正為氣候變遷因應法，簡稱氣候法）通過後，根據「溫管法」第13條及「溫室氣體減量及管理法施行細則」（2023年修正為氣候變遷因應法施行細則）第12條的要求，中央主管機關每年必須編制國家溫室氣體清冊報告。截至目前，已公布我國2023年的國家溫室氣體清冊報告。此外，根據「氣候法」第12條和「氣候變遷因應法施行細則」第8條及第9條的要求，根據國家清冊結果，提供評估我國及各部門階段管制目標之減量目標訂定和減量政策效果的依據。這意味著我國透過清冊報告的定期編制，評估和檢視減量目標的實現情況，並據此調整相應的減量政策。整體而言，這項措施有助於我國確保在應對氣候變遷方面的努力是基於最新的科學和數據，並提供了持續改進的機會。 　　在國內外越來越重視國際溫室氣體相關數據及報告的趨勢下，巴黎協定規範締約方必需根據增強透明度架構(Enhanced Transparency Framework, ETF)，於2024年12月31日前提交二年透明度報告(Biennial transparency report, BTR)，強調對量測、報告和核實(The Measurement, reporting and verification, MRV)機制的高度關注，以確保各國履行減量排承諾。本計畫除掌握分析UNFCCC及巴黎協定規範協商進展，及各國溫室氣體排放量變化，並協助環境部在國內建構及推動國家溫室氣體清冊系統化運作機制，包括以2006年IPCC國家溫室氣體清冊指南為基礎，維護及更新我國國家溫室氣體清冊登錄平台，盤點我國濕地碳匯可統計範疇，精進冷凍空調設備冷媒使用與排放統計，完成編撰我國2022年及2023年國家溫室氣體清冊報告，製作網頁與英文執行摘要，促進各界對我國國家溫室氣體清冊的瞭解。本專案計畫主要工作目標包括： （一）協助環境部辦理溫室氣體排放量編輯及發布2022年、2023年中華民國溫室氣體排放清冊報告。 （二）依氣候法分類推估我國溫室氣體排放量，及分析溫室氣體減量成效，以探討影響溫室氣體排放變化的成因。 （三）建置符合UNFCCC溫室氣體清冊規範之溼地碳匯指南，並盤點我國管理濕地碳匯數據，以完備我國土地利用、土地利用變化及林業部門之清冊統計。 （四）精進我國冷凍空調設備氫氟碳化物排放統計數據及其程序化機制，以提升我國HFCs排放清冊數據品質。

國家清冊報告、溫室氣體、聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約

成果報告(含附件)0130.pdf

19MB

成果報告書

2024/3/31 上午 12:00:00

　The international community acknowledges human-induced greenhouse gas emissions as a primary driver of climate change. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) released in 2021, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has significantly increased since 1750, primarily due to human activities. In response to climate change, global efforts must be intensified. The 2015 Paris Agreement, established during the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) COP 21, agreed to limit the global average temperature increase to no more than 2°C, emphasizing the urgent need for global action. In the realm of mitigation, transparency becomes increasingly crucial, and the National Inventory Report (NIR) serves as a key foundation for providing information on greenhouse gas emissions and their variations. The NIR plays a critical role in the global climate change agenda, being submitted by governments based on the requirements of the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol (KP), documenting and reporting each country's greenhouse gas emissions. This information guides policymakers in formulating and implementing national mitigation strategies. 　Since the end of 2012, the Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan established the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Review Meeting, completing the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reports for 2014 and 2015. Starting from 2015, following the enactment of the Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act that has been officially renamed Climate Change Response Act in 2023, the central authority is obligated to compile the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report annually, as stipulated by Article 13 of the Act and Article 12 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act that has been officially renamed Regulations for the Implementation of Climate Change Response Act in 2023. The National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report for 2023 has been publicly disclosed. 　Furthermore, in accordance with Article 12 of Climate Change Response Act and Articles 8 and 9 of the Regulations for the Implementation of Climate Change Response Act, the results of the National Inventory serve as the basis for assessing the setting of reduction targets and the effectiveness of reduction policies for different sectors and stages in Taiwan. This means that Taiwan, through the periodic compilation of the Inventory Report, assesses and reviews the achievement of reduction targets, adjusting corresponding reduction policies accordingly. Overall, this measure helps ensure that Taiwan's efforts in addressing climate change are based on the latest scientific data and provides opportunities for continuous improvement. 　With a growing emphasis on international greenhouse gas-related data and reporting both domestically and internationally, the Paris Agreement mandates that parties submit Biennial Transparency Reports (BTR) by December 31, 2024, in accordance with the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF). This underscores a high level of attention to the Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) mechanism, ensuring that countries fulfill their emission reduction commitments. In the trend of more attention on international GHG data and report, this project aims to grasp the negotiation progress of the relative modalities under UNFCCC and PA and the tendency of international emissions. Besides it focuses on assisting Taiwan EPA to construct and promote the systematic operational mechanism for national GHG inventory, including the operation of review committee of national GHG inventory, maintain and update the web-basis registry platform of national GHG inventory based on 2006 IPCC guideline, confirm the statistical scope of carbon sinks in wetlands system, refinement of refrigerant usage and emission statistics of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, complete 2022 Taiwan NIR, compile draft national report(Chinese and English Edition), establish a webpage for the 2022 inventory and compiling a executive summary in English summary for promoting understanding of the public on national GHG inventory. 　The main objectives of this project include: 1.Assist Taiwan EPA to operate the review meetings of national GHG inventory committee, and complete to compile and publish Taiwan 2022 NIR and 2023 NIR. 2.Estimate greenhouse gas emissions by category according to the Climate Change Response Act, and analyze the effect of greenhouse gas reduction to explore the causes of changes in greenhouse gas emissions 3.Establish a standardized statistical framework and methods for wetland carbon sinks in line with international standards, and refine Taiwan carbon sink data. ４.Analyze international HFCs emission reduction strategies, establish Taiwan localization coefficients, estimate and analyze reduction potentials.

National Inventory Repot, Green House Gas, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change