環保專案成果報告查詢系統

專案計畫編號
經費年度	112
計畫經費	1,974 千元
預算科目	提升土壤及地下水污染調查及整治技術工作
專案開始日期	2023/02/06
專案結束日期	2023/12/15
專案主持人	簡伶朱
主辦單位	環管署土壤及地下水污染整治基金管理會
承辦人	張芯瑜
執行單位	臺北醫學大學
專案分類	土壤及地下水
中文關鍵字	健康風險評估、呼吸速率、呼吸防護具、風險轉換係數、受體暴露參數
英文關鍵字	health risk assessment, inhalation rate, respiratory protective equipment, risk conversion coefficient, receptor exposure factor
協同主持人	陳重信；席行正；陳永盛
共同主持人
計畫聯絡人	簡伶朱
計畫聯絡電話	02-66202589#16089
計畫聯絡信箱	lcchien@tmu.edu.tw

中文摘要	本研究共完成135位受試者(男性67位；女性68位)呼吸速率之測定，100位6-18歲孩童與35位41-50歲成人測得安靜時呼吸速率分別為11.7 m3/day和14.0 m3/day，皆低於環境部健康風險評估手冊中的建議值(孩童：15.8 m3/day；成人：15.32 m3/day)，而淋浴時呼吸速率則分別為14.7 m3/day和17.0 m3/day，與手冊建議值(孩童：13.9 m3/day；成人：24 m3/day)相比，發現成人淋浴時呼吸速率亦為較低之數值；配戴加速規量測不同情境下身體活動量變化之實驗則共完成60位受試者(男性29位、女性31位；平均年齡為31.5 ± 8.6歲)，加速規配戴腰部測得輕度活動(LPA)和中等至高強度活動(MVPA)時間分別為97.0%和2.9%，可發現受試者大多數是以靜態久坐或從事輕度身體活動為主，而鮮少從事中等強度以上對身體有益的身體活動，將加速規測得的代謝當量代入Layton (1993)公式，可推估每日呼吸速率(DIR)之中位數為13.3 m3/day (男性：16.9 m3/day；女性：11.3 m3/day)，依職業別來看則顯示具高身體活動量之運動人員與軍警會有顯著較高之DIR值。本研究亦已針對污染場址呼吸防護器具配戴類型與現況、孔隙洩漏率與穿透率以及危害物過濾效率與防護係數等進行相關文獻回顧，且已到污染場址進行兩次勘查並透過問卷訪談現場工作人員呼吸防護具配戴狀況，顯示現場人員配戴的皆為常見之基本防護具(含拋棄式口罩、長袖、長褲、防曬配件、手套和安全鞋等)，而現場工作人員也指出其會因高強度的活動流汗而將呼吸防護具暫時拿掉，並不會在工作期間全程配戴而使其可能短暫暴露於吸入有害物的風險，由專家會議討論結果，建議呼吸防護具防治效率較適用於重金屬污染場址中粒狀物之防護，並不適用於受油品或揮發性有機物污染場址。針對和本年度計畫目標較相關之呼吸速率本土化參數部分，建議第一層次健康風險參數預設值建議以95%信賴區間上限值來訂定，孩童與成人於安靜狀態下呼吸速率之95%信賴區間上限值分別為13.2 m3/day和13.5 m3/day，而淋浴狀態時則分別為16.1 m3/day和15.8 m3/day。
中文關鍵字	健康風險評估、呼吸速率、呼吸防護具、風險轉換係數、受體暴露參數

中文摘要

本研究共完成135位受試者(男性67位；女性68位)呼吸速率之測定，100位6-18歲孩童與35位41-50歲成人測得安靜時呼吸速率分別為11.7 m3/day和14.0 m3/day，皆低於環境部健康風險評估手冊中的建議值(孩童：15.8 m3/day；成人：15.32 m3/day)，而淋浴時呼吸速率則分別為14.7 m3/day和17.0 m3/day，與手冊建議值(孩童：13.9 m3/day；成人：24 m3/day)相比，發現成人淋浴時呼吸速率亦為較低之數值；配戴加速規量測不同情境下身體活動量變化之實驗則共完成60位受試者(男性29位、女性31位；平均年齡為31.5 ± 8.6歲)，加速規配戴腰部測得輕度活動(LPA)和中等至高強度活動(MVPA)時間分別為97.0%和2.9%，可發現受試者大多數是以靜態久坐或從事輕度身體活動為主，而鮮少從事中等強度以上對身體有益的身體活動，將加速規測得的代謝當量代入Layton (1993)公式，可推估每日呼吸速率(DIR)之中位數為13.3 m3/day (男性：16.9 m3/day；女性：11.3 m3/day)，依職業別來看則顯示具高身體活動量之運動人員與軍警會有顯著較高之DIR值。本研究亦已針對污染場址呼吸防護器具配戴類型與現況、孔隙洩漏率與穿透率以及危害物過濾效率與防護係數等進行相關文獻回顧，且已到污染場址進行兩次勘查並透過問卷訪談現場工作人員呼吸防護具配戴狀況，顯示現場人員配戴的皆為常見之基本防護具(含拋棄式口罩、長袖、長褲、防曬配件、手套和安全鞋等)，而現場工作人員也指出其會因高強度的活動流汗而將呼吸防護具暫時拿掉，並不會在工作期間全程配戴而使其可能短暫暴露於吸入有害物的風險，由專家會議討論結果，建議呼吸防護具防治效率較適用於重金屬污染場址中粒狀物之防護，並不適用於受油品或揮發性有機物污染場址。針對和本年度計畫目標較相關之呼吸速率本土化參數部分，建議第一層次健康風險參數預設值建議以95%信賴區間上限值來訂定，孩童與成人於安靜狀態下呼吸速率之95%信賴區間上限值分別為13.2 m3/day和13.5 m3/day，而淋浴狀態時則分別為16.1 m3/day和15.8 m3/day。

中文關鍵字

健康風險評估、呼吸速率、呼吸防護具、風險轉換係數、受體暴露參數

類型	檔名	檔案大小	說明	最新版公開日期
期末報告	112EPA成果報告_定稿_Final.pdf	15MB		2024/4/1 上午 12:00:00

摘要	One hundred and thirty-five participants (67 males and 68 females) were recruited and tested to obtain respiratory rates, showing the median values of respiratory rates were 11.7 m3/day and 14.0 m3/day for subjects aged 6-18 years (n = 100) and 41-50 years (n = 35), individually for the resting condition. As for showering condition, the median values of respiratory rates were 14.7 m3/day and 17.0 m3/day for subjects aged 6-12 years and 41-50 years, individually. It was shown that the current default values of respiratory rate during resting (15.8 and 15.32 m3/day for children and adults, respectively) and showering (13.9 and 24 m3/day for children and adults, respectively), recommended by the Environmental Management Administration Ministry of Environment, could be overestimated. Additionally, 60 participants (29 males and 31 females) aged 31.5 ± 8.6 years were recruited to wear the accelerometer on non-dominant wrists and waists to obtain the metabolic rates under different physical activities with various intensities. Results from the accelerometer worn on waists indicated the proportion of time contributed by the light physical activity (LPA) and the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 97.0% and 2.9%, individually. In most subjects evaluated in this study, sedentary behaviors were more frequent than the more health-beneficial moderate-to-vigorous physical activities. The metabolic equivalents (MET) measured by the accelerometer were plugged into the equation proposed by Layton (1993), estimating the median daily inhalation rate (DIR) at 13.3 m3/day (16.9 and 11.3 for males and females, respectively). Notably, the athletes and polices have significantly higher DIR than those of other subjects due to their higher physical activities. This study also reviewed the relevant literature on the types and wearing conditions, the seal leakage and penetration rate, and the filtration efficiency and protection factor of hazards of respiratory protective equipments (RPEs) used in the contaminated sites. Moreover, we interviewed the on-site workers to investigate the actual wearing conditions of RPEs in a polluted area, showing that they mainly wore the essential protective equipment, i.e., disposable masks, long sleeves, trousers, sun protection accessories, gloves, and safety shoes. On-site workers also noted that they would temporarily remove the RPEs due to sweating during high-intensity activities. Therefore, because they would not always wear RPEs during work, on-site workers might be exposed to the inhalation risk of harmful substances for a short time. According to the results of expert meeting discussions, it is recommended that the protective efficiency of RPEs is more suitable for protecting particulate matter (PM) in heavy-metal-contaminated sites than for those contaminated by oil products or volatile organic compounds (VOCs). For the localized parameters of respiratory rate relevant to the targeting objects of this project, it is suggested that the default values of first-level health risk parameters be set according to the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval. In that regard, the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of the respiratory rates for children and adults during resting conditions were 13.2 and 13.5 m3/day, respectively, while those during showering were 16.1 and 15.8 m3/day, respectively.
英文關鍵字	health risk assessment, inhalation rate, respiratory protective equipment, risk conversion coefficient, receptor exposure factor

摘要

One hundred and thirty-five participants (67 males and 68 females) were recruited and tested to obtain respiratory rates, showing the median values of respiratory rates were 11.7 m3/day and 14.0 m3/day for subjects aged 6-18 years (n = 100) and 41-50 years (n = 35), individually for the resting condition. As for showering condition, the median values of respiratory rates were 14.7 m3/day and 17.0 m3/day for subjects aged 6-12 years and 41-50 years, individually. It was shown that the current default values of respiratory rate during resting (15.8 and 15.32 m3/day for children and adults, respectively) and showering (13.9 and 24 m3/day for children and adults, respectively), recommended by the Environmental Management Administration Ministry of Environment, could be overestimated. Additionally, 60 participants (29 males and 31 females) aged 31.5 ± 8.6 years were recruited to wear the accelerometer on non-dominant wrists and waists to obtain the metabolic rates under different physical activities with various intensities. Results from the accelerometer worn on waists indicated the proportion of time contributed by the light physical activity (LPA) and the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 97.0% and 2.9%, individually. In most subjects evaluated in this study, sedentary behaviors were more frequent than the more health-beneficial moderate-to-vigorous physical activities. The metabolic equivalents (MET) measured by the accelerometer were plugged into the equation proposed by Layton (1993), estimating the median daily inhalation rate (DIR) at 13.3 m3/day (16.9 and 11.3 for males and females, respectively). Notably, the athletes and polices have significantly higher DIR than those of other subjects due to their higher physical activities. This study also reviewed the relevant literature on the types and wearing conditions, the seal leakage and penetration rate, and the filtration efficiency and protection factor of hazards of respiratory protective equipments (RPEs) used in the contaminated sites. Moreover, we interviewed the on-site workers to investigate the actual wearing conditions of RPEs in a polluted area, showing that they mainly wore the essential protective equipment, i.e., disposable masks, long sleeves, trousers, sun protection accessories, gloves, and safety shoes. On-site workers also noted that they would temporarily remove the RPEs due to sweating during high-intensity activities. Therefore, because they would not always wear RPEs during work, on-site workers might be exposed to the inhalation risk of harmful substances for a short time. According to the results of expert meeting discussions, it is recommended that the protective efficiency of RPEs is more suitable for protecting particulate matter (PM) in heavy-metal-contaminated sites than for those contaminated by oil products or volatile organic compounds (VOCs). For the localized parameters of respiratory rate relevant to the targeting objects of this project, it is suggested that the default values of first-level health risk parameters be set according to the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval. In that regard, the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of the respiratory rates for children and adults during resting conditions were 13.2 and 13.5 m3/day, respectively, while those during showering were 16.1 and 15.8 m3/day, respectively.

英文關鍵字

health risk assessment, inhalation rate, respiratory protective equipment, risk conversion coefficient, receptor exposure factor