112

14,450 千元

移動污染源管制

2023/01/01

2023/11/30

蘇淳太

環境部大氣環境司

劉俐君

景丰科技股份有限公司

大氣空氣

排放清冊、移動污染源、排放量空間分配、管制策略、非尾氣排放

Emissions Inventory, Mobile Source, Emissions Spacial Distribution, Control Strategy, Non-exhaust Emissions

翁子翔

02-23778011#

thweng480@simenvi.com.tw

移動污染源管制成效研析及排放量資料建置工作，為了解移動污染源每年排放量影響的重要計畫，隨著國際移動污染源管制策略、低污染運輸政策推動，污染排放標準管制加嚴及因應電動車發展進程中非尾氣排放之訂定，國內移動源管制及相關低污染運輸推動參考國際政策發展適當的調整與執行，因此排放量資料建置工作需進一步調整與建立可用之參數，排放量推估除了建立基準年排放量外，為達到推估準確性要求，精進了解推估模組相關影響因子，包含車齡分佈、平均車行里程、用油量等因子影響，各項管制策略至今仍難以透過定性、定量方式，定義其對於空品的貢獻量或與政策推動間的關係，故持續精進移污排放總量推估，定性解析空氣污染濃度變化趨勢與排放量之間的關係，結合政策減量的量化需求有其必要性。 移污管制及政策推動成效可藉由排放量減量計算評估瞭解，本計畫研修各參數之合宜性，研擬適用於臺灣各地區之減量係數逐一檢視政策推動之成效。此外，持續協助研蒐國際公共運輸、共享運具、區域性移動源管制策略及低污染運具推廣作法，並研擬低污染運具補助，推動環評開發增量抵換媒合交易制度相關辦法。然而移動污染源排放減量因涉及私人運具管理、交通管制手段、公共運具推廣及低污染運具推動等面向，需進行跨部會協商、資料統合，以有效針對國家各行政單位間相關政策進行勾稽，協助環境部內與其他各部會進行協商亦為重要工作的一環。 為精進移動污染源管制成效，掌握其各項活動指標及環境負荷，本計畫以圖表化方式呈現複雜之排放量數據，提供環境部內掌握排放量趨勢，及各項移動污染源管制精進作法及建議，成果摘述如下： （一）掌握移動污染源各項活動強度指標，並完成彙整於排放清冊中，各項活動強度資料皆已更新至110～111年。 （二）完成110年車輛排放總量推估相關工作，更新排放量推估參數蒐集包含車輛活動強度、排放係數、排放量推估。 （三）歷年車輛移動源排放量趨勢變化顯示，隨著老舊機車、柴油車汰舊換新，尾氣粒狀物及NOX每年最高可下降達10%，非尾氣粒狀物成長於0.1~3%之間，主要受到輪胎剎車磨損所影響。 （四）排放量推估結果受活動強度影響，整體而言111年活動強度相較110年有所上升，但各污染物排放量均呈現下降，粒狀污染物PM10及PM2.5分別下降5%和7%，NOX下降8%，CO下降3%，THC下降2%。 （五）低污染運具帶來整體環境空氣污染減量效益之需求，配合能源配比，建立國內電動車輛(電動機車、電動大客車及電動汽車)燃料生命週期之耗能、排放參數以及整體排放量。 （六）配合低污染運具發展及空污管制政策，完成車輛汰換空污抵換量媒合制度，研提相關增量抵換參數及審核取得計畫，進行媒合作業達空污減量效益，已完成3萬219件媒合作業，總減量效益VOCs和NOX分別為670.6公噸和1681.2公噸。 （七）完成電動大客車營運作業要點，為提升公車電動化之減量效益，完成以營運里程及載客人次為補助項目之電動公車補助精進方案；後續將評估以延人公里為補助依據之可行性，提升空污減量效益的實質性與精準度。 （八）低污染運輸可行推動方案精進建議，應結合都市發展程度，擇優推廣不同型式之低污染運具，並結合公共運輸導向，改變私人運具使用習慣。考量空氣污染減量的同時，深入評估各地區推廣低污染運具之可行性，研擬政策推動方案。 （九）持續協助推廣國內低污染運具政策，配合汰舊換新媒合作業之推動，鼓勵民眾踴躍汰舊換低污染運具，補助市區公車汰舊換電，藉以提高私人運具轉換公共運輸之方式，同時研擬相關低污染運具政策發展，達2050淨零排放之目標。

排放清冊、移動污染源、排放量空間分配、管制策略、非尾氣排放

112AA018_成果報告.pdf

75MB

2024/3/24 上午 12:00:00

This program “Construction of Mobile Sources Emissions and Control Effectiveness Evaluate of Mobile Pollution Emissions” helps to understand the impact of annual emissions from mobile source. In Taiwan, several mobile source control strategies and future policy requirement of electrical or low-emission vehicles were refer international policy development to adjustment and execution. Therefore, precise construction of Mobile Sources Emissions needs to be adjusted by emission coefficient and parameters. However, the accuracy of its emission factors, including vehicle age distribution, average mileage, fuel consumption, fuel efficiency, traffic flow, and road length, is challenging to characterize. In order to quantify the contribution of mobile source to air quality, it is still necessary to continuously improve the estimation of mobile source emissions, and quantify their impact in terms of policy purpose. The effectiveness of mobile source control and policy promotion can be understood through the assessment of emission reduction. This program reviewed and adjusted the suitability of mobile source parameters, which made the emission reduction factor for control strategies locally applied and reflects the effectiveness of policy promotion. In addition, the international strategies on promoting public transportation and low-emission vehicles were also analyzed in this program. And was later developed into feasible plans to increase the use of low-emission transportation in Taiwan, which includes Zero-Emission Vehicle Program and Mobile Emissions Reduction Credit Programs. Furthermore, negotiating with other ministries is also an important part of the work. The mobile source emission reduction involves private transportation mode management, traffic control, public transport and low-emission vehicle promotion, it requires cross-departmental consultations and data integration to effectively clarify the policies relevance between administrative units. In order to improve the effectiveness of mobile source controlling, this program keep tabs on various activity indicators and environmental load of mobile sources, interpret complex data into useful and easily understandable charts, and provide suggestions on the improvement of various mobile source controlling to the Environmental Protection Administration, the results of this program are summarized as follows: 1. The mobile sources emission data, including the activity of unit strength index, publication frequency, and historical data, where updated to 2022. 2. The result of mobile source emission estimation, including vehicle activity intensity, emission factors, and emission, were completed for 2021. 3. Observing mobile source emission over the year by year, the particles emission and NOX were decreased by 10% on exhaust emission, that affected by replacing old ones with new ones. On the other hand, Non-exhaust emissions particle are comprised of brake wear, tyre wear, there is significantly observed to increase by 0.1-3%. 4. The vehicle travel intensity is an important data in the estimation of mobile source emission, the travel intensity in 2022 was higher than 2021, but the emission of PM10, PM2.5, NOX, CO and THC were decreased by 5%, 7%, 8%, 3% and 2%, respectively. 5. The fuel life cycles and emission factors from electrical vehicles, including electrical motorcycles, electrical vehicle, buses, and trucks, were preliminarily established with local data (energy consumption, emission parameters and overall emissions) in this program to account for the future requirement of electrical or low-emission vehicles. 6. Through the effectiveness assessment of several mobile source control strategies in this study, "The matching platform for reduction offsets through the replacement of old vehicles " was completed, and assist review plan of offset pollution sources from the development case. In this program, that has been 30,219 cases at the matching platform, and the reduction benefit of VOCs and NOX were 670.6 t and 1,681.2 t, respectively. 7. In order to increase effectiveness of emission reduction on bus electrification, this program “Guidelines for Electric Bus Subsidy Pilot Program” with the subsidies based on operating mileage and number of passengers was completed. The subsidies based on continuously passenger-mileage will be evaluated in the future to further enhance the environmental substantial benefits of air pollution reduction through buses electrification. 8. Different feasible action plan of low-emission vehicle might apply in different area according to urban development level, public transportation plan, and personal transport usage. 9. This program continuously helps MOENV to encourage people replacing old vehicle with low-emission one. subsequently support "matching platform for reduction offsets through the replacement of old vehicles" and "Guidelines for Electric Bus Subsidy Pilot Program" to encourage people transform habit of personal vehicle, aiming the Net Zero emission by 2050.

Emissions Inventory, Mobile Source, Emissions Spacial Distribution, Control Strategy, Non-exhaust Emissions