This program “Construction of Mobile Sources Emissions and Control Effectiveness Evaluate of Mobile Pollution Emissions” helps to understand the impact of annual emissions from mobile source. In Taiwan, several mobile source control strategies and future policy requirement of electrical or low-emission vehicles were refer international policy development to adjustment and execution. Therefore, precise construction of Mobile Sources Emissions needs to be adjusted by emission coefficient and parameters. However, the accuracy of its emission factors, including vehicle age distribution, average mileage, fuel consumption, fuel efficiency, traffic flow, and road length, is challenging to characterize. In order to quantify the contribution of mobile source to air quality, it is still necessary to continuously improve the estimation of mobile source emissions, and quantify their impact in terms of policy purpose.
The effectiveness of mobile source control and policy promotion can be understood through the assessment of emission reduction. This program reviewed and adjusted the suitability of mobile source parameters, which made the emission reduction factor for control strategies locally applied and reflects the effectiveness of policy promotion. In addition, the international strategies on promoting public transportation and low-emission vehicles were also analyzed in this program. And was later developed into feasible plans to increase the use of low-emission transportation in Taiwan, which includes Zero-Emission Vehicle Program and Mobile Emissions Reduction Credit Programs. Furthermore, negotiating with other ministries is also an important part of the work. The mobile source emission reduction involves private transportation mode management, traffic control, public transport and low-emission vehicle promotion, it requires cross-departmental consultations and data integration to effectively clarify the policies relevance between administrative units.
In order to improve the effectiveness of mobile source controlling, this program keep tabs on various activity indicators and environmental load of mobile sources, interpret complex data into useful and easily understandable charts, and provide suggestions on the improvement of various mobile source controlling to the Environmental Protection Administration, the results of this program are summarized as follows:
1. The mobile sources emission data, including the activity of unit strength index, publication frequency, and historical data, where updated to 2022.
2. The result of mobile source emission estimation, including vehicle activity intensity, emission factors, and emission, were completed for 2021.
3. Observing mobile source emission over the year by year, the particles emission and NOX were decreased by 10% on exhaust emission, that affected by replacing old ones with new ones. On the other hand, Non-exhaust emissions particle are comprised of brake wear, tyre wear, there is significantly observed to increase by 0.1-3%.
4. The vehicle travel intensity is an important data in the estimation of mobile source emission, the travel intensity in 2022 was higher than 2021, but the emission of PM10, PM2.5, NOX, CO and THC were decreased by 5%, 7%, 8%, 3% and 2%, respectively.
5. The fuel life cycles and emission factors from electrical vehicles, including electrical motorcycles, electrical vehicle, buses, and trucks, were preliminarily established with local data (energy consumption, emission parameters and overall emissions) in this program to account for the future requirement of electrical or low-emission vehicles.
6. Through the effectiveness assessment of several mobile source control strategies in this study, "The matching platform for reduction offsets through the replacement of old vehicles " was completed, and assist review plan of offset pollution sources from the development case. In this program, that has been 30,219 cases at the matching platform, and the reduction benefit of VOCs and NOX were 670.6 t and 1,681.2 t, respectively.
7. In order to increase effectiveness of emission reduction on bus electrification, this program “Guidelines for Electric Bus Subsidy Pilot Program” with the subsidies based on operating mileage and number of passengers was completed. The subsidies based on continuously passenger-mileage will be evaluated in the future to further enhance the environmental substantial benefits of air pollution reduction through buses electrification.
8. Different feasible action plan of low-emission vehicle might apply in different area according to urban development level, public transportation plan, and personal transport usage.
9. This program continuously helps MOENV to encourage people replacing old vehicle with low-emission one. subsequently support "matching platform for reduction offsets through the replacement of old vehicles" and "Guidelines for Electric Bus Subsidy Pilot Program" to encourage people transform habit of personal vehicle, aiming the Net Zero emission by 2050.
