112

1,260 千元

溫室氣體減緩宣導與調適

2023/03/25

2023/12/31

連振安

氣候署國際事務組

王俊勝

工業技術研究院

氣候變遷、國際性議題

聯合國氣候變化綱要公約、巴黎協定、全球盤點

UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, Global Stocktake

蔡維真

連振安

02-89786046#463

CALien@itri.org.tw

《聯合國氣候變化綱要公約》及其項下《巴黎協定》所建立的全球環境法律治理架構，承接《京都議定書》至2020年的減量責任，邁入以追求溫控1.5℃為軸心的氣候行動(Race to Zero ＆ Race to Resilience)。為實現脫碳及公正轉型的淨零碳排目標，「全球盤點」的落實使得各國得以凝聚次階段2035年的減量企圖心。展望我國新近所倡議的2050年淨零排放路徑，氣候治理早已融入國家政策推動、科技研發、經濟發展、脫碳社會的轉型戰略之中；使得氣候行動不僅是國家與產業競爭力的基礎，更將對於企業及民生活動將會產生重大影響。展望2023年阿拉伯聯合大公國杜拜COP28締約方大會的舉行，各締約方積極呼籲基於「格拉斯哥氣候協議」之巴黎規則書及「夏姆錫克施行計畫」對於2030年減緩行動的迫切，未及表態的締約方應於COP28前更新具企圖心的NDC目標及2050長期策略。隨著「調適差距」漸受到關注，全球調適目標的制訂將為韌性未來提供指引。而COP28協商顯亦將著重在《巴黎協定》在pre-2030有關減量機制之基礎建設，並制訂氣候資金的新目標。準此，為確保國家競爭力、經濟成長和永續環境，推展衡平的國家氣候政策，本計畫以《氣候變遷因應法》為基礎，探究國際間氣候與能源政策之因應作為，以因應當前國際淨零碳排趨勢下策略性作法。為深化臺灣參與氣候行動議題之動能，為產業競爭力創造更多有利條件，本計畫強化專家、智庫間的合作關係，期能掌握國際協商情勢走向，以追求發展綠色成長的契機。藉由協助我政府參與COP28締約方大會等氣候活動，將落實我國在國際組織的務實參與，及氣候政策交流與相互支持。本計畫依長期參與《聯合國氣候變化綱要公約》與《巴黎協定》研析我國因應策略論述參考，主要工作成果如下： 1. 研析巴黎協定夏姆錫克施行計畫協商進展，研提我國氣候治理因應作法：本計畫透過研析「夏姆錫克施行計畫」協商趨勢，包括全球氣候目標進展、全球調適目標、氣候資金、損失與損害機制之組織功能與資金來源，及《巴黎協定》提升透明度架構及全球盤點之協商進展與進度，並就我國在氣候行動與永續發展上的法理制度銜接要項進行探討並研提相關建議。 2. 蒐研國際間中長期氣候政策發展動態，評析我國氣候治理對策及效益評估：本計畫透過研析掌握各締約方在中長期氣候目標的企圖心與相應作法、掌握 IPCC 第六次綜合評估報告 (IPCC AR6 Synthesis Report) 與UNEP排放差距報告 (Emission Gap Report) 及IEA等重要國際科研報告，剖析對我氣候政策發展的重要啟示；同時，本計畫利用實施因應措施衝擊影響的評估方法論，以「獎勵補助-淘汰老舊機車換購電動機車」為RM案例進行評估，包括環境面、經濟面與社會面之影響評估貨幣化，並完成三場次專家諮詢討論會，聚焦國內共識。 3. 綜整國際氣候協商立場，推展國際氣候治理夥伴關係及智庫合作：本計畫綜整國際各方針對氣候協商之立場與意見，並於2023年6月於德國波昂SB58會議期間與國際學研智庫ICD共同舉辦周邊會議的方式辦理「有效碳定價提升氣候企圖心工作坊」，聚焦於我國碳定價制度與落實《巴黎協定》第六條之相關氣候行動對話與交流質，探討我國相關法制架構與透明度架構設計之技術內涵；另藉由ICD與台灣氣候聯盟於COP28期間辦理系列論壇活動，提出1篇合作報告，持續藉由學研智庫與相關領域之專家學者交流，促進我國氣候能力建構，拓展我國氣候行動夥伴關係，並藉此展現臺灣氣候行動之成果。 4. 辦理參加氣候公約會議活動組團籌備工作：本計畫已出席SB58會議與COP28會議，並於12月2日與馬紹爾群島合辦一場次周邊會議，會期間辦理展覽攤位等工作，另藉由我國氣候行動文宣與部長專文等，行銷宣傳我國氣候行動，提高國際上對我之認同；本計畫共完成辦理三場次策略研商會議，凝聚國內部會參與共識與各部會關注重點議題分工，有效規劃我國整體參與策略。

聯合國氣候變化綱要公約、巴黎協定、全球盤點

UNFCCC_FY112年定稿0119.pdf

18MB

2024/4/1 上午 12:00:00

The global environmental legal governance framework established by the UN-FCCC and the Paris Agreement under it undertakes the reduction responsibilities of the Kyoto Protocol until 2020 and enters into climate action with the pursuit of tem-perature control at 1.5°C (Race to Zero ＆ Race to Resilience). To achieve the net-zero goal of decarbonization and just transition, the implementation of the "Global Stocktake" enables countries to consolidate their reduction ambitions for the next phase in 2035. Looking into Taiwan's 2050 net-zero emission pathway, climate gov-ernance has long been integrated into national policy, technology research and devel-opment, economic development, and the transformation strategy of a decarbonized society. It makes climate action the basis of national and industrial competitiveness and significantly impacts enterprises and people's livelihood activities. With COP28 being held in 2023 in the United Arab Emirates Dubai, the parties actively called for the urgency of mitigation actions in 2030 based on the Paris Rulebook of the "Glas-gow Climate Pact" and the "Sharm El-Sheikh Implementation Plan." Parties not yet submitted should update their ambitious NDC goals and long-term strategies for 2050 before COP28. With the " adaptation gap" gaining attention, developing global adap-tation targets will guide a resilient future. The COP28 negotiations will also focus on the infrastructure of the reduction mechanism in pre-2030 and formulate new goals for climate funds. Accordingly, to ensure national competitiveness, economic growth, and a sustainable environment and promote a balanced national climate policy, this project explores the international climate and energy policy based on the "Climate Change Response Act" to respond strategically to the net-zero global trend. To deepen Taiwan's participation in climate action and create more favorable conditions for industrial competitiveness, this project strengthens the cooperation be-tween experts and think tanks, hoping to grasp the trend of international negotiations and pursue opportunities for green growth. By assisting the government in climate negotiations and activities such as COP28, the project will implement Taiwan's prag-matic participation in international organizations and facilitate climate policy commu-nication and mutual support with partners. Therefore, targeting Taiwan's strategic de-velopment proposes of the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement, the primary outcomes in-clude as follows: 1. Studying negotiation progress of the Paris Agreement and the Sharm El-Sheikh Implementation Plan in response to Taiwan's climate governance agenda: This project analyses trends in the Sharm el-Sheikh Implementa-tion Plan, including progress towards global climate goals, Global Goal on Adaptation, the organizational function and funding of the Climate Finance, Loss and Damage Fund, the Paris Agreement's transparency framework, and the progress of the Global Stocktake, and examines and proposes recommendations for Taiwan's legal, institutional, and institu-tional convergence on climate action and sustainable development. 2. Studying the development of mid-term and long-term low climate policy developments for proposing Taiwan climate action strategies and benefit assessment: Through the analysis, this project grasps the intentions and corresponding practices of the medium- and long-term climate goals of the Parties, the IPCC AR6 Synthesis Report, the UNEP Emission Gap Report, the IEA, and other critical international scientific research re-ports, and analyses the critical revelations for the development of our climate policy; Meanwhile, the project has made use of the methodology for evaluating the impacts of response measures to examine the case study of "Incentive subsidy - phasing out old motorbikes and replacing them with electric ones", including the monetization of the environmental impacts, economic impacts and social impacts, and completing three ex-pert consultation forums. 3. Integrating the positions of international climate negotiations and pro-moting partnerships for global climate governance and cooperation among think tanks: The project consolidated the positions and opinions of various international parties on climate negotiations and organized the side event during SB58 with the ICD, an international academic research think tank. The side event focused on the dialogue and exchanges be-tween Taiwan's carbon pricing system and the implementation of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and explored the technical connotations of the design of Taiwan's legal framework and transparency framework. In ad-dition, through a series of forums organized by the ICD and the Taiwan Climate Partnership during the period of COP28, a cooperation report was submitted to promote the construction of Taiwan's climate capacity, expand the partnership of Taiwan's climate action, and show the achievements of Taiwan's climate action. 4. Organizing preparatory works for the Taiwan MOENV to participate in the UNFCCC's conference activities: This project has dispatched repre-sentatives to attend the SB58 and COP28 conferences and co-organized a side event with the Marshall Islands on 2 December. We also organized exhibitions to market and publish Taiwan's climate action through minis-terial articles to raise international recognition. This project has complet-ed a total of three strategy discussion meetings, which have consolidated the participation of domestic ministries and the division of labor between these ministries concerning the issues they are concerned about so that they can effectively plan for the overall strategy for the participation of Taiwan.

UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, Global Stocktake