EPA-91-E101-02-101

091

950 千元

2002/03/01

2002/12/31

於幼華

綜計處

國立台灣大學

環境影響評估

環境影響評估,政府政策環境影響評估,政策環評。

黃錦堂

環境影響評估在全世界已廣泛實施多年，但經常受限於不同的政 經社文條件，而有功能不彰的情形。此外，一般個案型環境影響評估因進行時間較晚，層級亦低，所能發揮的效果較為有限。因此，近年國際間推動的政策環境影響評估(Strategic Environmental Assessment,SEA)便是要彌補傳統環境影響評估的不足之處。政策環境影響評估是對於政策(policy)、計畫(plan)與方案(program)進行有系統且全面性的環境影響評估，發源於美國，但日後在歐洲國家獲得較佳的實施實務經驗。 　我國在1994年通過「環境影響評估法」，隨後於1997年公布「政 府政策環境影響評估作業要點」，為政府政策環境影響評估提供相應之法源依據。在該法的第二十六條中，規範了九大政策、十一細項為必須進行政策環境影響評估的範圍。然而，至今我國確實進行過的政策環評僅有工業政策、水利開發政策與土地使用政策三項，而其政策位階、標的與影響所及之規模與程度互異，並無法成為我國較具代表性的示範案例。因此，本研究計畫之目的，即在於搜即予整理國內外有關政策環境影響評估之技術與最新發展趨勢，並進行相關政策類型或案例研究，以建立標準化、科學化之評估方法，並將永續發展內涵融入我國現行政策環境影響評估所使用之矩陣表中之各項指標，強化我國相關法規之適用性。 　研究結果發現，我國目前已執行的政策環境影響評估案例，普遍 存有缺乏合理的替代方案、缺乏公眾參與、永續性議題不夠深入與落實、跨機關間之橫向聯繫缺乏等問題。各主管機關對於現行的評估作業內容與流程不甚熟悉，每每在範疇界定階段就遭遇困難，對於政策目標之標的值之推估，因為缺乏相關資訊，也難以提出有根據的數字。 　此外，現行政策環境影響評估矩陣表中的評量機制，並無客觀的根據，也是各執行機構面臨的實質問題；而當執行政策環境影響評估的主管單位將環境說明書提報上級機關時，審查者每每因不具備政策環境影響評估方面的瞭解，而將其當成個案環境影響評估審查，造成後續作業困難。 　本研究針對上述問題，蒐集國內外資料，運用案例分析、永續發 展指標建構、專家學者篩選等方法，提出解決方案與建議。在將永續發展內涵融入政策環境影響評估所使用的指標方面，本研究在二十餘位學者專家與主管單位代表的協助下，篩選出七十三個指標，作為現行矩陣表評量作業的參考方案之一。此外，針對政策環境影響評估法規與實施方面，本研究提出下列建議： 1.範疇界定辦理之適當時機與參與機構等內涵應予檢討。 2.公眾諮詢參與機制必須確立。 3.政策環評矩陣表文字錯誤處建議修正後重新公告。 4.現行政策環評政策細項應予修正，並擴大適用範圍。 (1)現行政策細項應逐步檢討擴增與修訂。 (2)應更進一步納入與開發行為非直接相關之政策細項。 (3)應優先將土地使用政策擴及於都市計畫與區域計畫之通盤檢討、縣市綜合發展計畫擬定或變更，以及新市區或新市鎮開發等。 (4)政府應要求各細項在一年之內進行政策環評，或提出檢討意見。

環境影響評估,政府政策環境影響評估,政策環評。

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[期末報告]公開完整版

2014/10/31 下午 02:07:46

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been implemented in many countries in the world for many years. However, due to various political, socio-economic, and cultural conditions, limitations were found with respect to their practices. In addition, because conventional project-EIA was generally carried out at later stages and in lower level, their effects to the whole project were also constrained. Thus, in recent years, the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) implemented and promoted in the international society were aimed to be supplementary to traditional project-EIA so that the deficiency in EIA can be alleviated. SEA is the systematic and integrated environmental assessment to policies, plans, and programs. It was originated in the United States, but later relatively successfully put into practice in European countries. The Environmental Impact Assessment Act of Taiwan was passed in 1994 and later in 1997 the Administrative Regulations of Environmental Impact Assessments of Governmental Policies was promulgated, which presents the legal base for SEA of governmental policies in Taiwan. The 26th items in that document, it was indicated that SEA for nine policy categories that contains eleven items were required. However, so far only three SEA, one for industrial policy, one for water resources development, and another for land use policy, were implemented. As the policy level, targets, and scale of influence of the three cases differ in many aspects, they cannot build up the demonstration of Taiwan’s SEA. Thus, the goal of this research project is to collect and integrate international and domestic documents regarding the technologies and development trends, study on related policy categories, and establish standardized and scientific assessment methodologies. Moreover, by taking into account the essence and idea about sustainable development, the indicators used in the current matrix as stated in the related regulations were also revised based on ad-hoc approaches, so that the applicability of Taiwan’s SEA regulations would be improved. Research results indicate that the following problems exist in the three cases already done: lack of feasible alternatives, lack of public participation, lack of considering sustainable development issues, and lack of cross-departmental connections and cooperation. The governmental departments in charge of SEA are actually not familiar with the context and procedures of the current SEA regulations. It always happened that hard-to-solve problems appeared at the early stage of scoping. Besides, objective targets of the goals of the SEA were difficult to compute or estimate due to non-satisfactory quality and quantity of necessary supporting information. Objective evaluation mechanisms for the matrix in the SEA regulations were also absent. When the environmental statements were submitted to the upper-level agencies by the responsible departments, they were usually treated as those for project-EIA and hence following tasks were hard to proceed. In this research, problem solutions and suggestions were presented through several steps including collecting and integrating international and domestic documents in the literature, analyzing typical SEA cases, and constructing sustainable development indicators by an ad-hoc committee. Seventy three indicators were proposed based on the screening questionnaire helped by twenty five experts and governmental representatives. This new system can be one alternative of the current matrix system. Finally, the following suggestions were argued with respect to the SEA regulations and their implementations: 1. Timing and anticipating departments for the scoping process should be reexamined. 2. Mechanisms for public participation should be confirmed. 3. The errors and typos in the matrix table should be polished and it should be re-announced by the government. 4. The policies and corresponding items required by the SEA regulations should be revised and augmented: (1)The items should be re-examined and added to. (2)Policy items not directly related to development activities should also be included. (3)Urban and regional planning, proposal or revision of the comprehensive development plans in the county-level, and development plans of new towns should be included in the land use policy category. (4)The government should finish the remaining SEA required by the related regulations within one year, or the regulations should be revised.