EPA-95-J105-02-104

095

1,400 千元

2006/05/24

2006/12/31

蔣本基

環管處

林怡利

水質保護

飲用水安全管理法、公共衛生風險管理、飲用水水質管理

Safe Drinking Water Management Law, public health risk management, drinking water quality management

張怡怡、王根樹

蔣本基

(02)23622510

pcchiang@ntu.edu.tw

國內因過去長期對水資源管理不當，造成部分原水水源遭受污染；除可能造成處理成本增加之問題外，亦可能由於淨水程序加氯而增加氯消毒副產物的生成。其餘如飲用水水質中殘餘之微生物、毒性物質等，均會造成飲用水水質的安全問題，也是近年來民眾相當關切的議題。各國所定之公共給水（自來水）標準，因用水之目的、水處理技術及經濟條件等因素而不同，目前我國雖訂有自來水標準，然而近年來生活品質之提高，及基於人體健康安全之考慮，飲用水水源與水質標準實有必要逐年檢討、修訂與增加。 我國目前尚未對戴奧辛、鹵乙酸進行管制，以及其他相關農藥與揮發性有機物之管制標準也年久未修，因此，在已知其確會對人體健康有負面影響之下，對於飲用水水質中相關毒性物質之種類與含量確有研究的必要。 有鑑於此，本研究將針對上述問題，廣泛收集國內外關於飲用水安全法規之架構與內容，參照現行各國現行飲用水水質標準，並確定國內淨水場之水源背景資料與分析能力後，建立「飲用水安全管理法」草擬架構法規並規劃出飲用水水質標準中尚未列管污染物之建立管制標準與建議管制時程。建議第一階段（2007年頒佈）之新增污染物包含微生物（糞便性大腸菌、大腸桿菌）、戴奧辛、農藥（陶斯松、大滅松、福瑞松、托福松）、消毒副產物（鹵乙酸、亞氯酸根）、揮發性有機物（1,1-二氯乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷、1,1-二氯乙烯、順1,2-二氯乙烯、反1,2-二氯乙烯、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、1,2-二氯苯、苯、甲苯、苯乙烯、二甲苯、乙苯、甲基第三丁基醚）；建議第二階段（2010年頒佈）之新增污染物包含農藥（培丹、嘉磷塞、五氯酚）。 此外，經由環保署與專家學者召開的三次研商會，配合工程、社會、經濟之實際狀況，並研究國內飲用水管理條例與自來水法等相關法令中關於水質安全衛生管理部分整合之可行性後，建議增訂飲用水公共衛生風險管理體系、飲用水水質管理預防、供水系統安全評估、地下水水源水質保護防範措施、水質監測管理、突發事件之預防措施、簡易自來水管理等七項法規，並規劃未來飲用水安全法規之中、長程施政策略及工作方針，以供環保署未來決策之參考。

飲用水安全管理法、公共衛生風險管理、飲用水水質管理

EPA-95-J105-02-104.pdf

2MB

[期末報告]公開版

2007/2/1 上午 12:00:00

Due to the improper management of water resources in the past decades, most source waters in Taiwan are polluted more or less. The cost for removal of contaminants in source waters such as microorganisms and toxic materials in water treatment plants (WTPs) is very high. Moreover, those pollutants might react with the chlorine, commanly used as a disinfectant in WTPs, and produce harmful disinfection by-products, which is highly concerned by the public. Up to date, the standards of dioxins and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are not available in Taiwan. Meanwhile, the standards of pesticides and volatile organic carbons (VOCs) are not been revised for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the feasibility of establishment and promulgation of these toxic materials in the drinking water quality standards for the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA). As mentioned above, this project is dedicated to gather the matrix and content of safety drinking water laws and quality standards in other countries. After confirming the background information and analytic technology in water treatment plant, the “Safe Drinking Water Management Law (Draft)” and unregulated pollutants control schedule are established. Through three advisory committee meeting discussions and the integration of Water Management Act and Tap-water Law in the area of water quality, the new management law should be amended seven items including drinking water public health risk management, drinking water quality management, water supply system security, groundwater source protection plan, water quality monitoring, emergency protection plan and simple drinking water management. Meanwhile, the unregulated pollutants control schedule including bacteria (Fecal Coliform and E. coli), Dioxin (PCDD/Fs), pesticides (Cartap, Chlorpyrifos, Dimethoate, Glyphosate, Pehtachlorophenol, Phorate, Terbufos), disinfection by-products (Haloacetic acids, Chlorite), and volatile organic carbons (Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Tetrachloroethylene, cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene, Dichloromethane, 1,2-Dichlorobenzene, Styrene, Xylene, Chlorobenzene, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene, 1,1,2-Trichloroethane, Methly-t-butyl Ether) are also added in drinking water quality regulation. Finally, the corresponding strategies and implementation plans will be proposed in this project.

Safe Drinking Water Management Law, public health risk management, drinking water quality management