097

1,450 千元

2008/02/29

2009/02/28

詹長權

雲林縣環境保護局

國立臺灣大學

大氣空氣

石化工業區、風險評估、癌症、六輕、離島工業區

Risk assessment,Yunlin County,

胡素婉

蕭欣怡

02-33668082

r96844011@ntu.edu.tw

本研究係雲林縣環保局委託之一年計劃，希望透過文獻回顧、環境資料與健康資料彙整分析，針對六輕所在地之工業區對沿海地區環境及居民健康風險的可能影響進行初步研究，並規畫未來環境流行病學長期研究之執行策略。 本研究所採用之方法如下：(1) 本研究為了解國內外類似研究的概況，利用國際上重要學術資料庫、國內碩博士論文網站與國內政府機關的相關研究計畫報告網站，進行國內外相關文獻收集工作；(2)在環境品質方面，根據行政院環保署空氣品質監測網蒐集雲林縣台西、崙背及斗六三測站1993年9月至2007年12月空氣品質及氣象資料，及台西光化測站2007年3月至2008年4月資料，以及行政院環保署2000至2008年全國環境水質監測網資料中，鄰近六輕工業區之台西國小、麥寮國小、大同國小及橋頭國小等地下水監測站資料加以彙整並以統計軟體SAS v9.1進行分析；(3)在居民健康評估上取得衛生署1971年至2006年的死因資料檔、1971年至2006年內政部人口統計資料、衛生署1979年至2005年的癌症登記資料及1996年至2006年的全民健康保險資料庫的住院與西醫門診資料等，以統計軟體SAS v9.1進行資料的統計分析，評估工業區周邊10公里鄉鎮及其對照鄉鎮在工業區運轉前後的死亡率與癌症發生率變化，並以分析時間序列與各空氣污染物的急性效應；(4)利用揮發性有機化合物濃度之時平均和年平均值計算急性(HIa)、慢性(HIc)及致癌風險；(5)依據上述所得結果，規劃未來工業區附近居民的流行病學調查工作。 為了解六輕工業區內各期工廠營運與空氣品質變化之情形，本研究取得工廠興建、營運及排放客觀資料作為分期分析的標準。根據行政院環保署空氣品質監測網蒐集雲林縣台西、崙背及斗六三測站1993年9月至2007年12月空氣品質及氣象資料，及台西光化測站2007年3月至2008年4月資料，加以彙整並以統計軟體SAS v9.1進行分析。六輕工業區於1991年設立於雲林縣麥寮鄉，先後完成四期之擴建及營運，於2007年6月全部完工營運，以各廠之建廠、試車及營運時間作為切割，將六輕工業區對環境的影響區分為：1995年6月以前的「廠址興建前期」、1995年7月至2000年 8月為止的「營運第一期」、2000年9月至2004年7月的「營運第二、三期」和2007年6月起的「營運第四期」。研究發現六輕工業區於2000年8月第一期完工營運後，雲林地區空氣品質已發生變化，全縣臭氧(O3)濃度逐年升高，斗六、崙背一帶懸浮微粒(PM10)濃度上升，台西一帶二氧化硫(SO2)濃度漸增，且總揮發性有機碳氫化合物(TVOC)於下風時段濃度高達200ppb以上。且經由長期氣象資料統計顯示，六輕工業區附近居民於一年之中約有58~71%位居工業區之下風，且一年中秋冬季節(10月~3月)最常處於下風處，夏季(6~8月)最少處於下風處。 為評估工業區周邊10公里內台西鄉、東勢鄉、崙背鄉、麥寮鄉、褒忠鄉與四湖鄉等六個暴露鄉及其對照鄉鎮(依序分別為虎尾鎮、二崙鄉、二崙鄉、莿桐鄉、莿桐鄉與元長鄉)的居民，在工業區運轉前後死亡率與癌症發生率的變化，以及使用時間序列分析空氣污染對居民所造成的急性效應。本研究使用衛生署1971年至2006年的死因資料檔、1971年至2006年內政部人口統計資料、衛生署1979年至2005年的癌症登記資料及1996年至2006年的全民健康保險資料庫的住院與西醫門診資料等，以統計軟體SAS v9.1進行資料的統計分析。在分析標準化死亡率和癌症標準化發生率時，將六輕工業區開始有揮發性有機物(VOCs)排放的1999年定義為「運轉基準年」，1996-1998年為「運轉前」、1999-2001年為「運轉第1~3年」、2002-2004年為「運轉第4~6年」、2005-2006年間為「運轉第7~8年」，做分期整理，並且和其個別的對照鄉鎮比較。結果顯示：(i)台西鄉的惡性腫瘤和肺癌的死亡率在運轉第4~6年顯著比運轉第1~3年高；台西鄉與麥寮鄉的肝癌死亡率在運轉前與運轉期間顯著高於其對照鄉鎮。(ii)台西鄉、東勢鄉、崙背鄉、麥寮鄉與四湖鄉的全癌症發生率在工業區運轉期間顯著比運轉前高，或是隨著運轉時間變長而增高；麥寮鄉的急性骨髓樣白血病發生率在運轉第4~7年顯著比運轉第1~3年高；台西鄉與麥寮鄉的肝癌發生率及麥寮鄉的急性骨髓樣白血病發生率，在運轉期間顯著高於其對照鄉鎮。(iii)在2001~2006年間，台西站的二氧化氮(NO2)與臭氧(O3)及崙背站的懸浮微粒(PM10)與二氧化硫(SO2)濃度，和測站周邊10公里內鄉鎮的每日循環系統疾病住院人數之間有顯著關係。 本研究有以下三點建議：(1)應進一步以分析型的流行病學研究，實際量測與評估工業區周邊鄉鎮居民的暴露量與健康狀況，(2)納入實際採樣以釐清當地之空氣污染狀況，(3)採用大氣擴散模式以及多介質模式。

石化工業區、風險評估、癌症、六輕、離島工業區

YLEPB-97-003.pdf

5MB

[期末報告]公開完整版

2009/8/1 上午 12:00:00

The No. 6 Naphtha Cracking Complex has started construction in Yunlin County in 1991, completed the construction of all 66 plants, including oil refineries, chemical manufacturing plants, and coal power plants in 2007, and begun fully operation afterwards. The objectives of this study were to conduct a preliminary assessment on health risks for residents living around this petrochemical complex and to propose a framework of a long-term environmental epidemiological study. Five specific tasks needed to be completed in this study: (1) to compile literatures of environmental and health research related to petrochemical industries; (2) to compile and analyze air and water quality data in the areas; (3) to collect health registry data for residents in the areas; (4) to assess the associations between environmental exposures and health outcomes; and (5) to plan a future epidemiological study for the county. The methodologies of this study included: (1) searching international publications using Pubmed, Medline and Scopus, and domestic documents in graduate theses and governmental publications; (2) obtaining air quality data of PM10, CO, ozone, NOx, and SO2 during 1993-2007 from three Taiwan EPA operated monitoring stations, air concentration data of 56 VOCs during 2007-2008 from a PAMS station in Taisi, and ground water quality data from four Taiwan EPA operated monitoring stations near the petrochemical complex; (3) obtaining mortality and population data during 1971-2006 from DOH and Ministry of the Interior, cancer registry data during 1979- 2005 from DOH, and hospital admission and clinic visit data during 1996-2006 from the National Health Insurance Research Database, and then comparing the contrasts in mortality and cancer incidence rates between exposed areas and their geological comparison areas as well as between the periods before and after the complex started operation; (4) applying the hourly and annual VOC concentrations to calculate acute and chronic hazard index, HIa and HIc respectively, and cancer risks using the reference concentrations and unit risk values from the US and the California EPA; and (5) proposing an epidemiological study framework based on above risk assessment results. The weather data showed that 58-71% of time in Taisi and 32-72% of time in Lunbei were downwind to the petrochemical complex annually, with October to March being the most likely downwind months while June to August being the least likely downwind months in a year. The environmental quality data were summarized as: “period before construction of the plants” before June 1995; “first operation period” during July 1995-August 2000; “second and third operation periods” during September 2000-July 2004; and “fourth operation period” during August 2004-June 2007. Our analyses found that ozone, PM10, and SO2 concentrations increased significantly since the first operation period in the exposed areas of the petrochemical complex. TVOC concentrations could reach above 200 ppb in the downwind areas of the petrochemical complex. TDS and TOC concentrations in groundwater increased consistently over the years. Using year 1999 as the beginning of manufacturing processes with VOCs emissions from the complex, we summarized the standardized mortality and incidence rates of the townships within 10 km of the complex as: the periods of “pre-production ” for 1996-1998, “productionyear1-3” for 1999-2001, “productionyear4-6” for 2002-2004, “productionyear7-8” for 2005-2006 and compared them with their comparison townships. Our analyses found that: (1) total cancers and lung cancer standardized mortality rates in the productionyear4-6 period were significantly higher than those in the productionyear1-3 period in Taisi, and liver cancer standardized mortality rates in Taisi and Mailiao were significantly higher than their comparison townships before and during the production periods; (2) total cancers standardized incidence rates in Taisi, Dongshih, Lunbei, Mailiao and Sihhu during the production periods were significantly higher than those in the pre-production period. The standardized incidence rate for acute myeloid leukemia in the productionyear4-7 period was significantly higher than that in the productionyear1-3 period in Mailiao. The standardized incidence rates for liver cancer in Taisi and Mailiao and acute myeloid leukemia in Mailiao were significantly higher than those in their respective comparison townships during the production periods; (3) daily mean concentrations of NO2 and ozone in Taisi monitoring station and PM10 and NO2 in Lunbei monitoring station were significantly associated with daily hospital admissions of cardiovascular diseases of residents in their respective nearby townships in 2001-2006. The estimated life-time cancer risks of residents exposing to benzene were 3.30x10-6 (US EPA) or 4.35x10-5 (Ca EPA). We recommend conducting a follow-up study to verify our findings by considering the following three suggestions: (1) follow up resident’s health outcomes prospectively in a cohort study; (2) assess resident’s detailed exposures to pollutant emissions from the petrochemical complex by Canister-GC/MS or FTIR method; (3) apply locally collected physical data to multi-media models to assess acute, chronic and cancer risks.

Risk assessment,Yunlin County,