環保專案成果報告查詢系統

專案計畫編號	EPA-97-U1U4-04-002
經費年度	097
計畫經費	1,250 千元
專案開始日期	2008/06/05
專案結束日期	2009/03/31
專案主持人	高志明
主辦單位	永續發展室(停用)
承辦人	林燕柔
執行單位	國立中山大學創新育成中心
專案分類	科技計畫
中文關鍵字	底泥, 壓力循環處理系統, 重金屬, 總石油碳氫化合物
英文關鍵字	sediments, pressure-cycling system, heavy metal, total petroleum hydrocarbons
協同主持人	葉琮裕
共同主持人
計畫聯絡人	林志恩
計畫聯絡電話
計畫聯絡信箱	d943030003@student.nsysu.edu.tw

中文摘要	底泥為沉澱於河床底部之物質，並經由水的流動進行傳輸。沉積於河床底部的汙染的底泥是由泥土、砂、有機物及其他礦物所構成，並且可能含有會危害人類健康或環境之毒性物質或有害性物質。當底泥週遭環境改變時，將可能使累積於底泥中之污染物再度釋放回水體。常見的底泥汙染物包括非水相液體(如:油污)及重金屬。類分頓及臭氧氧化之處理方式最大的優勢為其氧化劑對環境較為友善且較無二次污染。然而底泥因其本身特性會妨礙氧化劑與汙染物接觸之機會，導致處理效率不佳。為了克服底泥處理極限並增加處理效率，本計劃研發一個新的技術將其結合氧化及萃取處理方面。此系統乃利用逐漸增加之壓力，反覆進行升及降壓，將底泥於泥漿狀態下進行氧化或萃取處理。本計畫之目的為設計可結合氧化劑及萃取劑之壓力循環裝置，以增加污染底泥之處理效率。與傳統式的化學處理方式相比，此項系統具有以下優點：(1)萃取及氧化時間縮短，節省操作成本；(2)不需額外添加金屬，即可利用現地過渡金屬元素催化氧化污染物。本計畫以重金屬之銅和重質油為目標污染物，探討以此壓力循環裝置處理受銅和重質油污染底泥之可行性及效益。採用之重金屬萃取劑包括：EDTA(ethylenediamine- tetraacetic acid，乙二胺四乙酸)、檸檬酸及HCl，重質油污染底泥之氧化方式則包括：Fenton-like 及臭氧氧化法。每種選用之萃取劑及氧化方式將進行下列各組操作參數試驗，包括：系統壓力、壓力循環次數、萃取劑/氧化劑濃度、底泥粒徑、底泥有機質、污染物濃度、pH 值及反應時間。實驗結果顯示，應用HCl、檸檬酸及EDTA 進行壓力循環系統處理底泥重金屬銅時，以EDTA 所得之萃取效率最佳。影響壓力循環處理系統萃取重金屬銅之操作參數包括：壓力大小、循環次數及pH 值。由於重金屬萃取較不受到質傳影響，因此固液比之增減對其萃取效率影響有限。影響壓力循環處理系統氧化TPH 之主要操作參數包括：氧化劑濃度、固液比及底泥二價鐵含量。無論為萃取重金屬銅或氧化TPH，壓力循環系統皆可有效縮短1/2 至2/3之處理時間。研究結果顯示應用壓力循環處理系統萃取現地底泥重金屬銅時，螯合劑之添加量為一主要之影響因子，若現地底泥銅污染濃度高，且螯合劑添加量不足時，隨著壓力循環次數增加，將會使顆粒內部污染物溶出，導致處理效率降低。TPH 之去降實驗結果顯示，壓力循環系統之應用，可將底泥中之TPH 因壓力循環及介質顆粒破碎之機制而溶出至水相，使底泥中TPH 之濃度降低。研究結果亦顯示，由於Fenton 反應之速率較快，因此反應時間及壓力循環次數對TPH 之去降效率之影響較有限。而過氧化氫及Fe2+離子濃度則是影響TPH去降效率之關鍵因子。採用6 bar 之壓力循環系統，反應30 分後，將可增加15％之TPH 去降效率。
中文關鍵字	底泥, 壓力循環處理系統, 重金屬, 總石油碳氫化合物

中文摘要

底泥為沉澱於河床底部之物質，並經由水的流動進行傳輸。沉積於河床底部的汙染的底泥是由泥土、砂、有機物及其他礦物所構成，並且可能含有會危害人類健康或環境之毒性物質或有害性物質。當底泥週遭環境改變時，將可能使累積於底泥中之污染物再度釋放回水體。常見的底泥汙染物包括非水相液體(如:油污)及重金屬。類分頓及臭氧氧化之處理方式最大的優勢為其氧化劑對環境較為友善且較無二次污染。然而底泥因其本身特性會妨礙氧化劑與汙染物接觸之機會，導致處理效率不佳。為了克服底泥處理極限並增加處理效率，本計劃研發一個新的技術將其結合氧化及萃取處理方面。此系統乃利用逐漸增加之壓力，反覆進行升及降壓，將底泥於泥漿狀態下進行氧化或萃取處理。本計畫之目的為設計可結合氧化劑及萃取劑之壓力循環裝置，以增加污染底泥之處理效率。與傳統式的化學處理方式相比，此項系統具有以下優點：(1)萃取及氧化時間縮短，節省操作成本；(2)不需額外添加金屬，即可利用現地過渡金屬元素催化氧化污染物。本計畫以重金屬之銅和重質油為目標污染物，探討以此壓力循環裝置處理受銅和重質油污染底泥之可行性及效益。採用之重金屬萃取劑包括：EDTA(ethylenediamine- tetraacetic acid，乙二胺四乙酸)、檸檬酸及HCl，重質油污染底泥之氧化方式則包括：Fenton-like 及臭氧氧化法。每種選用之萃取劑及氧化方式將進行下列各組操作參數試驗，包括：系統壓力、壓力循環次數、萃取劑/氧化劑濃度、底泥粒徑、底泥有機質、污染物濃度、pH 值及反應時間。實驗結果顯示，應用HCl、檸檬酸及EDTA 進行壓力循環系統處理底泥重金屬銅時，以EDTA 所得之萃取效率最佳。影響壓力循環處理系統萃取重金屬銅之操作參數包括：壓力大小、循環次數及pH 值。由於重金屬萃取較不受到質傳影響，因此固液比之增減對其萃取效率影響有限。影響壓力循環處理系統氧化TPH 之主要操作參數包括：氧化劑濃度、固液比及底泥二價鐵含量。無論為萃取重金屬銅或氧化TPH，壓力循環系統皆可有效縮短1/2 至2/3之處理時間。研究結果顯示應用壓力循環處理系統萃取現地底泥重金屬銅時，螯合劑之添加量為一主要之影響因子，若現地底泥銅污染濃度高，且螯合劑添加量不足時，隨著壓力循環次數增加，將會使顆粒內部污染物溶出，導致處理效率降低。TPH 之去降實驗結果顯示，壓力循環系統之應用，可將底泥中之TPH 因壓力循環及介質顆粒破碎之機制而溶出至水相，使底泥中TPH 之濃度降低。研究結果亦顯示，由於Fenton 反應之速率較快，因此反應時間及壓力循環次數對TPH 之去降效率之影響較有限。而過氧化氫及Fe2+離子濃度則是影響TPH去降效率之關鍵因子。採用6 bar 之壓力循環系統，反應30 分後，將可增加15％之TPH 去降效率。

中文關鍵字

底泥, 壓力循環處理系統, 重金屬, 總石油碳氫化合物

類型	檔名	檔案大小	說明	最新版公開日期
期末報告	育成計畫書期末定稿.pdf	3MB	[期末報告]公開完整版	2009/8/1 上午 12:00:00

摘要	Sediments are transported by the flowing water then build up on the bottom of water bodies as the materials settle. Contaminated sediments are composed of soils, sand, organic matters, and other minerals that accumulate on the bottom of water bodys and contain toxic or hazardous materials at levels that may adversely affect human health or the environment. The contaminated deposits can be decomposed and released into liquid phase by dramatic changes on environmental conditions. However, the contaminated deposits have a potential of causing changes of nature water system, especially for aquatic livings. Sediments contaminated by light non-aqueous-phase liquids (e.g., fuel oil) and heavy metal are prevalent and of a great concern. The major advantage of Fenton-like and ozone oxidation process is that the reagent components are safe to handle and environmentally benign. However, protective enclosure of contaminants with aged sediment matrices and the hydrophobic nature of contaminants limit their accessibility to treatment agents; these obstacles prevent treatment efforts from widespread successes. The interactions of hydrophobic contaminants with the soil matrix in various ways often limit contaminant availability for remediation. In order to overcome this limitation and increase contact, a novel extraction technique that utilized chelants or oxidation agent and mildly elevated pressure in consecutive cycles of compression and decompression was developed and applied to soil slurry in the presence of chelating or oxidation agent. The objective of this study was to design a pressure-cycling system that integrates the oxidation agent and chelating agent. This system has the following advantages over traditional chemical treatment: (1) increased process speed, (2) lower operating costs, and (3) the transition metal elements can catalyze the oxidized pollutants. In this study, copper and fuel oil were selected as the target compounds to evaluate the effectiveness of pressure-cycling system on the treatment of copper and fuel oil contaminated sediment. The heavy metal extraction reagent included HCl, citric acid, and EDTA. The oxidizing agents used in this study included H2O2 and ozone. The operating parameters included system pressure, pressure cycles, extraction agent/ oxidizing agent concentration, particulate size of sediment, organic matter, pollutant concentration, pH and reaction time. The experimental results show that approximately 34, 72, and 79% of treatment efficiencies were observed when HCl, citric acid, and EDTA were used to treat copper contaminated sediments with the assistance of pressure-cycling system. Results also indicate that system pressure, number of pressure cycles, and pH would affect the treatment efficiency of the copper contaminated sediments. In the pressure assisted oxidation system, concentration of oxidation agent, TPH, concentration, and ferrous iron concentration would affect the treatment efficiency of fuel oil contaminated sediments. Results reveal that approximately half to one third of the contaminants can be removed using pressure-cycling oxidation system. Results of this study show that the quantity of chelating agents is the major factor that affects the extraction efficiency of copper in sediments using the pressure-cycling system. Results also show that the percentage of fine particles (e.g., <0.05 mm) increased after the pressure cycling with pressure at 6 bar. This indicates that the increased pressure would cause the disruption of sediment grains and cause the decrease in particle size. This could also cause the increase in TPH removal.
英文關鍵字	sediments, pressure-cycling system, heavy metal, total petroleum hydrocarbons

摘要

Sediments are transported by the flowing water then build up on the bottom of water bodies as the materials settle. Contaminated sediments are composed of soils, sand, organic matters, and other minerals that accumulate on the bottom of water bodys and contain toxic or hazardous materials at levels that may adversely affect human health or the environment. The contaminated deposits can be decomposed and released into liquid phase by dramatic changes on environmental conditions. However, the contaminated deposits have a potential of causing changes of nature water system, especially for aquatic livings. Sediments contaminated by light non-aqueous-phase liquids (e.g., fuel oil) and heavy metal are prevalent and of a great concern. The major advantage of Fenton-like and ozone oxidation process is that the reagent components are safe to handle and environmentally benign. However, protective enclosure of contaminants with aged sediment matrices and the hydrophobic nature of contaminants limit their accessibility to treatment agents; these obstacles prevent treatment efforts from widespread successes. The interactions of hydrophobic contaminants with the soil matrix in various ways often limit contaminant availability for remediation. In order to overcome this limitation and increase contact, a novel extraction technique that utilized chelants or oxidation agent and mildly elevated pressure in consecutive cycles of compression and decompression was developed and applied to soil slurry in the presence of chelating or oxidation agent. The objective of this study was to design a pressure-cycling system that integrates the oxidation agent and chelating agent. This system has the following advantages over traditional chemical treatment: (1) increased process speed, (2) lower operating costs, and (3) the transition metal elements can catalyze the oxidized pollutants. In this study, copper and fuel oil were selected as the target compounds to evaluate the effectiveness of pressure-cycling system on the treatment of copper and fuel oil contaminated sediment. The heavy metal extraction reagent included HCl, citric acid, and EDTA. The oxidizing agents used in this study included H2O2 and ozone. The operating parameters included system pressure, pressure cycles, extraction agent/ oxidizing agent concentration, particulate size of sediment, organic matter, pollutant concentration, pH and reaction time. The experimental results show that approximately 34, 72, and 79% of treatment efficiencies were observed when HCl, citric acid, and EDTA were used to treat copper contaminated sediments with the assistance of pressure-cycling system. Results also indicate that system pressure, number of pressure cycles, and pH would affect the treatment efficiency of the copper contaminated sediments. In the pressure assisted oxidation system, concentration of oxidation agent, TPH, concentration, and ferrous iron concentration would affect the treatment efficiency of fuel oil contaminated sediments. Results reveal that approximately half to one third of the contaminants can be removed using pressure-cycling oxidation system. Results of this study show that the quantity of chelating agents is the major factor that affects the extraction efficiency of copper in sediments using the pressure-cycling system. Results also show that the percentage of fine particles (e.g., <0.05 mm) increased after the pressure cycling with pressure at 6 bar. This indicates that the increased pressure would cause the disruption of sediment grains and cause the decrease in particle size. This could also cause the increase in TPH removal.

英文關鍵字

sediments, pressure-cycling system, heavy metal, total petroleum hydrocarbons