環保專案成果報告查詢系統

專案計畫編號	EPA-96-FA11-03-D036
經費年度	096
計畫經費	2,720 千元
專案開始日期	2007/02/05
專案結束日期	2007/12/31
專案主持人	林清和
主辦單位	監資處
承辦人	黃柏仁
執行單位	輔英科技大學
專案分類	環境資訊系統
中文關鍵字	平行比對,超級測站,例行查核
英文關鍵字	field,intercomparison,measurements,supersite,routine,auditing
協同主持人
共同主持人	吳義林,賴進興
計畫聯絡人
計畫聯絡電話	06-2386764
計畫聯絡信箱	niki@pc510.ev.ncku.edu.tw

中文摘要	每月定期與不定期訪查之意見综合會整如下二大類： 1. 操作/維護人員：  維護與校正表格不完整。  記錄未落實。 2. 儀器狀態：  H2O2監測儀考慮採樣管至分析儀器間管路造成採樣損失。  RP1400各站SES 管路濕度均常有過高情形。  NH3監測儀與NOy監測儀於NO測值差異，與大寮測站之NH3監測儀比對結果暫無法判定。  各儀器颱風測站臨時停機之準則與SOP目前尚待制定中。各站儀器運轉率以RP1400之PM2.5最佳，各月均達95%，而RP8400N與EC/OC則較差，約為50~80%，亦有少數幾月落於20~30%，而輔英站之SMPS則是所有儀器中運轉率最差之儀器，1~4月約60%，而5~9月約只有30~50%，主要是常出現零值。而6月份之校正查核之結果大都是優良，在160項之查核中僅有潮州PM2.5之洩漏測試未符合標準。手動儀器與南部懸浮微粒超級測站中的RP 1400在量測PM2.5質量濃度上，整體之數據有明顯差異存在，主要是因為硫酸銨與硝酸銨之吸濕特性，導至手動採樣在秤重上的誤差，以及因RP 1400搭配除濕裝置所造成硝酸銨採樣之損失，導致RP 1400有低估的現象產生。若環境之相對濕度介於硫酸銨與硝酸銨之潮解點，且硝酸鹽濃度小於10 μg/m3時，手動儀器與RP 1400則有著良好的一致性。手動儀器與RP 8400S及RP 8400N在量測硫酸鹽與硝酸鹽方面，有著明顯差異存在，主要影響因素可能是轉換率，包括不同標準液成分之轉換率與兩次定期校正間的轉換率變化。因校正轉換率之原廠標準液成份與南台灣之主要硫酸鹽與硝酸鹽成分不一樣，且其所得之轉換率也有所差異，其中以RP 8400S之轉換率差異較明顯。手動儀器與測站NH3監測儀器比對結果，可能因自動監測儀之鉬轉化器將其他氣態汙染物也轉化，造成其高估之現象 PM事件日案例中輔英、前鎮、橋頭三站於事件日來源以額外量為主，其所佔之比例為28~45%；潮州則是以逸散為主，約佔20%。若以原生與衍生性污染物比較，各站於非事件日時段皆以衍生性污染物為主。於事件日時段，95年11月之輔英站額外量以衍生性污染物為主，但是於96年2月時以原生性污染物為主；而橋頭站95年11月與96年2月比較其額外量來源，皆以衍生性污染物為主，原生與衍生污染物濃度95年11月各為9.7%與34.4%，96年2月各為13.9%與19.4%，顯示橋頭站於2月時額外量成分中原生性與衍生性污染物濃度較接近；95年11月前鎮站額外量來源以原生性污染物為主，其濃度高過衍生性污染物近2倍；而96年1月之潮州站額外量來源以衍生性污染物為主，但兩者濃度皆偏低。以逸散成分比較，於各時段各站皆以衍生性污染物為主，衍生性污染物與原生性污染物之比例約為1.3~10倍。
中文關鍵字	平行比對,超級測站,例行查核

中文摘要

每月定期與不定期訪查之意見综合會整如下二大類： 1. 操作/維護人員：  維護與校正表格不完整。  記錄未落實。 2. 儀器狀態：  H2O2監測儀考慮採樣管至分析儀器間管路造成採樣損失。  RP1400各站SES 管路濕度均常有過高情形。  NH3監測儀與NOy監測儀於NO測值差異，與大寮測站之NH3監測儀比對結果暫無法判定。  各儀器颱風測站臨時停機之準則與SOP目前尚待制定中。各站儀器運轉率以RP1400之PM2.5最佳，各月均達95%，而RP8400N與EC/OC則較差，約為50~80%，亦有少數幾月落於20~30%，而輔英站之SMPS則是所有儀器中運轉率最差之儀器，1~4月約60%，而5~9月約只有30~50%，主要是常出現零值。而6月份之校正查核之結果大都是優良，在160項之查核中僅有潮州PM2.5之洩漏測試未符合標準。手動儀器與南部懸浮微粒超級測站中的RP 1400在量測PM2.5質量濃度上，整體之數據有明顯差異存在，主要是因為硫酸銨與硝酸銨之吸濕特性，導至手動採樣在秤重上的誤差，以及因RP 1400搭配除濕裝置所造成硝酸銨採樣之損失，導致RP 1400有低估的現象產生。若環境之相對濕度介於硫酸銨與硝酸銨之潮解點，且硝酸鹽濃度小於10 μg/m3時，手動儀器與RP 1400則有著良好的一致性。手動儀器與RP 8400S及RP 8400N在量測硫酸鹽與硝酸鹽方面，有著明顯差異存在，主要影響因素可能是轉換率，包括不同標準液成分之轉換率與兩次定期校正間的轉換率變化。因校正轉換率之原廠標準液成份與南台灣之主要硫酸鹽與硝酸鹽成分不一樣，且其所得之轉換率也有所差異，其中以RP 8400S之轉換率差異較明顯。手動儀器與測站NH3監測儀器比對結果，可能因自動監測儀之鉬轉化器將其他氣態汙染物也轉化，造成其高估之現象 PM事件日案例中輔英、前鎮、橋頭三站於事件日來源以額外量為主，其所佔之比例為28~45%；潮州則是以逸散為主，約佔20%。若以原生與衍生性污染物比較，各站於非事件日時段皆以衍生性污染物為主。於事件日時段，95年11月之輔英站額外量以衍生性污染物為主，但是於96年2月時以原生性污染物為主；而橋頭站95年11月與96年2月比較其額外量來源，皆以衍生性污染物為主，原生與衍生污染物濃度95年11月各為9.7%與34.4%，96年2月各為13.9%與19.4%，顯示橋頭站於2月時額外量成分中原生性與衍生性污染物濃度較接近；95年11月前鎮站額外量來源以原生性污染物為主，其濃度高過衍生性污染物近2倍；而96年1月之潮州站額外量來源以衍生性污染物為主，但兩者濃度皆偏低。以逸散成分比較，於各時段各站皆以衍生性污染物為主，衍生性污染物與原生性污染物之比例約為1.3~10倍。

中文關鍵字

平行比對,超級測站,例行查核

類型	檔名	檔案大小	說明	最新版公開日期
期末報告	EPA-96-FA11-03-D036.pdf	11MB	[期末報告]公開完整版	2008/3/1 上午 12:00:00

摘要	The project has started all the woks since January without any interruption. The works of this projects include the auditings of the southern Taiwan PM supersites, the quality control of monitoring data, the parallel intercomparison between manual and automatic sampling methods, and the case studies for pollution sources. The major items of auditings can be classified into the following two types: 1. operation/maintenance personnel: incomplete forms for operation and maintenance and missing in filling all the records; 2. status of instruments: the change of sampling inlet of H2O2 to reduce the interference from sampling tube, the over range for relative humidity of SES of RP1400, the inconsistencies of NO concentration between NOy and NH3 monitors, and the SOP for instrument shutdown due to typhoon. The results of calibration auditings were excellent and only the leakage test of PM2.5 at ChaiChou exceeded the tolerance among the 160 items of auditings. RP1400 of PM2.5 has the greatest effective operation rate with average greater 95% among all the instruments, followed by RP8400N and Sunset EC/OC with average from 50% to 80%. The SMPS+C at core site has the lowest effective operation rate of 30% to 60% due to the zero readings in some particle size range. Significant differences are found for the PM2.5 concentrations measured by manual and RP1400 due to the hydroscopic properties of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. However, good agreements are obtained if nitrate concentration is less than 10 ug/m3 and the relative humidity is between the deliquescence points of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. Significant differences are also found for nitrate and sulfate concentrations measured by denuder method and RP8400. The differences are due to the different size-cut and the variations of conversion factors of RP8400. Conversion factors of RP8400 are species dependent, especially for RP8400S. The NH3 concentrations measured by automatic monitor are greater than those from denuder due to the conversion of other nitrogen-containing species like HONO into NO. During PM episodes, the fractions of primary and secondary species are about the same at Chitao and the secondary species is dominant at ChaiChou with fractions of 70% to 80%. In addition to the effect of poor dispersion during PM episodes, the excess from emissions and formation accounts for 13% to 23% and the fractions of excess formation are 6% to 16%. The contributions vary from month to month. The dominant secondary species are sulfate and secondary organic carbon.
英文關鍵字	field,intercomparison,measurements,supersite,routine,auditing

摘要

The project has started all the woks since January without any interruption. The works of this projects include the auditings of the southern Taiwan PM supersites, the quality control of monitoring data, the parallel intercomparison between manual and automatic sampling methods, and the case studies for pollution sources. The major items of auditings can be classified into the following two types: 1. operation/maintenance personnel: incomplete forms for operation and maintenance and missing in filling all the records; 2. status of instruments: the change of sampling inlet of H2O2 to reduce the interference from sampling tube, the over range for relative humidity of SES of RP1400, the inconsistencies of NO concentration between NOy and NH3 monitors, and the SOP for instrument shutdown due to typhoon. The results of calibration auditings were excellent and only the leakage test of PM2.5 at ChaiChou exceeded the tolerance among the 160 items of auditings. RP1400 of PM2.5 has the greatest effective operation rate with average greater 95% among all the instruments, followed by RP8400N and Sunset EC/OC with average from 50% to 80%. The SMPS+C at core site has the lowest effective operation rate of 30% to 60% due to the zero readings in some particle size range. Significant differences are found for the PM2.5 concentrations measured by manual and RP1400 due to the hydroscopic properties of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. However, good agreements are obtained if nitrate concentration is less than 10 ug/m3 and the relative humidity is between the deliquescence points of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. Significant differences are also found for nitrate and sulfate concentrations measured by denuder method and RP8400. The differences are due to the different size-cut and the variations of conversion factors of RP8400. Conversion factors of RP8400 are species dependent, especially for RP8400S. The NH3 concentrations measured by automatic monitor are greater than those from denuder due to the conversion of other nitrogen-containing species like HONO into NO. During PM episodes, the fractions of primary and secondary species are about the same at Chitao and the secondary species is dominant at ChaiChou with fractions of 70% to 80%. In addition to the effect of poor dispersion during PM episodes, the excess from emissions and formation accounts for 13% to 23% and the fractions of excess formation are 6% to 16%. The contributions vary from month to month. The dominant secondary species are sulfate and secondary organic carbon.

英文關鍵字

field,intercomparison,measurements,supersite,routine,auditing