EPA-97-FA12-03-A135

097

15,550 千元

2008/05/15

2009/03/31

陳怡伶

空保處

黎揚輝

中興工程顧問股份有限公司

化學物質管理

戴奧辛,重金屬,排放量,環境監測

Dioxin, Heavy metal, Emission inventory, Environmental Monitoring

莊桓齊

(02)2769-8388

hcchuang@mail.sinotech.com.tw

本計畫主要工作內容包括：排放清冊更新與建置、排放檢測與環境監測、法規研修與檢討、行政及技術支援等四大部分，主要工作成果說明如下；96年度戴奧辛排放量推估，總計排放至大氣戴奧辛量為74.8 g I-TEQ/年，較95年減少16%。排放量結構上以煉鋼業電弧爐及鋼鐵業燒結工場為國內最主要排放源。至於重金屬部份，初步估計其年排放總量如下：鉛排放量約為9.72噸/年、鎘排放量約為1.04噸/年、汞排放量約為1.33噸/年及砷排放量約為4.28噸/年；與95年度相較，變化不大，以燃煤鍋爐、電弧爐、廢棄物焚化爐及水泥旋窯為主要排放源。 戴奧辛排放檢測部分，針對大型廢棄物焚化爐及電弧爐進行多氯戴奧辛、溴化戴奧辛及多氯聯苯醚排放檢測；多氯戴奧辛都可以符合環保署發布之管制標準，溴化戴奧辛質量濃度佔多氯戴奧辛比例小於2%以下，其中電弧爐比例較大型焚化爐為高；重金屬排放檢測則針對燃煤汽電共生鍋爐及高科技業為主，檢測濃度均遠低於固定污染源空氣污染物排放標準所規定之重金屬排放限值。 環境空氣中戴奧辛監測部分，本年度以一縣市、一測站為原則，監測頻率為每季監測一次；戴奧辛濃度範圍0.004 pg I-TEQ/m3 ~ 0.134 pg I-TEQ/m3，平均濃度值為0.039 pg I-TEQ/m3，以空品區而言，中部空品區及雲嘉南空品區濃度較高，但均遠低於目前全世界唯一訂有環境戴奧辛品質建議值之國家─日本所訂之0.6 pg WHO-TEQ/m3。環境空氣重金屬監測部份，監測地點與戴奧辛相同，以PM10採樣器及石英玻璃纖維濾紙進行24小時連續採樣；監測結果顯示，國內環境空氣砷、鎘、鎳濃度皆低於歐盟2012年環境空氣品質目標值。以空品區分析，中部、雲嘉南、花東及高屏空品區，冬季環境空氣重金屬濃度明顯高於夏季，與戴奧辛監測結果類似，當PM10濃度高時，環境空氣重金屬濃度亦有隨之升高之情形。 彙整行業別戴奧辛稽查數據顯示，本年度超出管制標準污染源共有12座，其中以中小型廢棄物焚化爐為超出標準最多行業別。但均已依法處分並要求其限期改善，以確保其對環境不致造成不良影響。 建議未來應持續加強稽查檢測及針對一般空品站進行戴奧辛及重金屬監測，同時增加污染源集中區監測，以掌握空品現況，維護民眾健康。對戴奧辛排放源集中區域，應依據技術可行、風險評估結果，研擬排放管理策略；同時加強重金屬排放調查及全面檢討重金屬排放管制標準。

戴奧辛,重金屬,排放量,環境監測

EPA97FA1203A135.pdf

7MB

[期末報告]公開完整版

2009/9/1 上午 12:00:00

The scope of work for this project includes: 1) to update and establish the emission inventory of dioxin and heavy metals; 2) to execute the investigation for emissions from the stationary sources and the environmental ambient monitoring; 3) to review and revise the existing emission standard; 4) to provide technical services and administrative assistance for the EPA . The achievements of this project are described as below: The total dioxin emission in Taiwan area is estimated to be 74.8 g-TEQ in 2007, which is 16% less than 2006. The major pollution sources are the electric arc furnaces and sinter plants. As for heavy metal emission, the total emission in 2007 was estimated as below: lead emission is 9.72 metric tons, cadmium emission is 1.04 metric tons, mercury emission is 1.33 metric tons and arsenic emission is 4.28 metric tons , without much difference between 2006. The major emission sources are the coal-fired power plants, electric arc furnace, waste incinerators and cement kiln. As for the emission investigation of dioxin, the PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs and PBDEs from the waste combustors and electric arc furnace were investigated through this project. Based on the investigation data of PCDD/Fs, all of the waste combustors and electric arc furnace did meet the emission standard. The mass ratio of PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs is less than 2% and the ratio for electric arc furnace is higher than waste combustors. As for heavy metals, the coal industry boilers and the optroelectronics industry are two major targets in the project. Based on the investigation data, the measured concentrations of heavy metal emissions are far below the limits listed in the “Stationary pollution source air pollutant emissions standards”. As for the ambient dioxin monitoring, the principle of monitoring station selection is one monitoring station for one city and the monitoring frequency is once per season. The results showed that the range of dioxin concentration is from 0.004 pg I-TEQ/m3 to 0.134 pg I-TEQ/m3, the average concentration is 0.039 pg I-TEQ/m3. The Central air quality control area and the Yun-Chia-Nan area air quality control areas were with higher dioxin concentration. But the measured concentrations were far below the ambient air standard (0.6 pg WHO-TEQ/m3), which is stipulated by Japan (currently, it is the only ambient air dioxin standard promulgated in the world). As for the ambient heavy metal monitoring, the monitoring stations are the same as the dioxin stations and the samplers were set to 24 hours continuous sampling and PM10 samples were collected on pr-weighed glass fiber filter papers. Based on the monitoring results, the heavy metal concentration of Arsenic, Cadmium and Nickel are below the target values of European Union ambient quality which will be effective in 2012. Based on the monitoring data, it was showed that the ambient heavy metal concentration in winter is higher than its concentration in summer for the Central air quality control area and the Yun-Chia-Nan area air quality control area. These results are similar with the one in the ambient dioxin monitoring. When the PM10 concentration was high, the ambient metal concentrations also along with it rise. Based on the analysis of dioxin audit data in 2008, a total of 12 stationary sources did not meet the emission standard, which are mostly small-medium sized incinerators. All the stationary sources that can’t meet the emission standard were fined pursuant to the “Air Pollution Control Act” and be notified to make improvements within a limited time period, to ensure the least impact to the environment. The suggestions are: continuously conduct the pollution sources audit as well as monitoring ambient dioxin and heavy metal concentration for air quality observation stations. In addition, we also suggest to conduct the ambient dioxin and heavy metal monitoring at those areas with concentrated pollution sources, in order to understand ambient air quality and ensure public health. For those areas with high density of dioxin pollution sources, management strategy should be drafted based on the technology feasibility and risk assessment. We also recommend more field investigations regarding heavy metal emissions, and a thorough review regarding heavy metal emission control standards.

Dioxin, Heavy metal, Emission inventory, Environmental Monitoring