EPA-96-G106-02-236

096

5,700 千元

2007/11/14

2008/11/30

張立鵬

水保處

傅豫東

元科科技股份有限公司

水質保護

海洋油污染應變,海洋污染防治,緊急應變與管理

Oil Spill Response,Marine Pollution Control,Emergency Response and Management

方煥銘

李怡蓁

07-7168081

yijen@email.green99.com.tw

由於台灣四周環海，海岸線總長達1,500公里以上，而且台灣海域也是國際海運重要航道，環保署自95年起積極推動建置區域跨行政區域海洋污染應變機制，統籌調度整合區域各行政機關及民間企業緊急應變人力、能量，達成應變資源共享並提升污染除污之成效。 本計畫主要工作：提昇海洋污染緊急應變系統效率，建立區域性海洋污染緊急應變系統運作機制與規範；檢討全國區域海洋污染緊急應變能量資料庫；辦理海洋污染應變兵棋演練及相關教育訓練；調查海洋環境敏感指標分類，以利提供海洋污染緊急應變相關資訊。 國內曾受過海污應變訓練者，且持續執行相關業務者僅為受訓人員之30~40%，可見人員調度狀況相當頻繁，且地方主管機關執行海污業務多半以兼辦業務方式，此狀況易造成人員海污應變經驗不足，於海污事件發生時不易有效執行應變作業。國外多以專責單位或民間應變組織執行海污應變作業，其優點在於動員速率快，除污人員之除污經驗可以累積達到應變作業的提昇。建議成立專責單位或藉由委辦計畫來執行海洋污染緊急應變事宜，並藉由區域聯防之方式，統籌調度、整合區域緊急應變人力及能量，強化區域海洋油污染事件通報及應變能力，縮短海洋油污染緊急應變處理時間，有效完成防堵油污染擴散，避免影響海洋環境敏感區域，造成生態及經濟上之損失。 國內海洋污染應變設備自90年起由環保署編列預算購置，再交由海巡署或地方主管機關使用，設備從無到有，逐漸健全應變能量，惟數量上仍屬不足，且以目前現有設備之狀況及數量尚無法應付1000噸以上之重大海洋油污染事件，建議未來需要定期查核各地之應變設備且編列預算購置汰換來更新設備，另外再應變設備之保養維護應建立一套資訊系統，藉以掌握各地應變設備保養維護之時程及狀況。另建議可藉由委辦計畫之方式代為操作及保養維護全省之應變設備，藉由「委外方式」節省政府經費，如台中清水基地所設置之應變設備倉儲及訓練中心，藉由委外管理，包含設備之保養維護、教育訓練及應變演練等事宜，均可減少公務部門人力及經費的支出，更可提升應變人員之專業性。 為結合民間機構及團體的力量及資源，共同來維護海洋環境、保護海域資源。本計畫舉辦兩場次之「海洋污染防治技術及應變講習會」，邀請民間機構及團體參加，出席單位包含海巡署南巡局、縣市環保局、海洋局、各地海巡隊、港務局、墾管處、台電公司、台灣中油公司等，邀集各地環保單位及相關應變單位進行海洋污染應變技術及資訊之交流。本計畫舉辦4場次的兵棋推演及2場次實兵演練，藉由演練檢討地方緊急應變之困難及缺失，利用兵棋推演除了模擬應變程序之外，亦評估地方應變設備能量是否足夠。而實兵演練主要可加強應變人員對設備操作的熟悉度。 本計畫完成海洋環境敏感指標分類329公里調查，建置環境敏感地圖除了讓決策者根據海岸分類選用適當的除污法，另外生態敏感區及人類利用資源則是幫助決策者決定保護的優先順序。由於生態與漁業資源均是珍貴重要的資產，一但受到破壞需要花費更多的代價或者無法復原之狀況，因此平時的監測更顯重要，建議應持續蒐集生態資料、整合相關單位之調查資料及與溢油模式相結合，以豐富及完善環境敏感地圖。

海洋油污染應變,海洋污染防治,緊急應變與管理

EPA96G1060236.pdf

52MB

[期末報告]公開完整版

2009/5/1 上午 12:00:00

Taiwan is surrounded by sea; the coastline is more than 1,500 kilometers and the marine water of Taiwan is the important channel for the international ocean shipping. Therefore, to prevent the wastewater or sewage of ship from being emitted into the sea become one of the significant topics. Since 2006, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) established the mechanism of marine pollution response, and integrated the participating response personnel and equipments of support to promote the marine pollution handling. The main work of this project, Promote the efficiency of Marine Pollution Emergency Response System, Establish the mechanism and rules of regional marine pollution emergency response system; Reinforce the management model of regional marine pollution emergency response equipment; Establish the procedure of response equipment in storage, using and maintenance; Investigate the classification of Marine Environmental Sensitivity Index. In Taiwan, average 30%~40% of people, who have been trained in Marine Pollution Response, continue to execute relative works. Obviously, human resource deployment is quite frequent, and local authority executes marine pollutions projects with business stages. This situation of marine pollution execution causes that people did not have enough experience of marine pollution response, and then when marine pollution is happened, the response system might be executed easily. In other country, special technical units or private response organizations are involved in marine pollution works mostly, this advantage is that deployment is effective and quick. The pollution cleaner can gain more experience to enhance response system. A suggestion is to establish a special department or authorize a project to execute marine pollution response works. Moreover, a prevent network is to control and integrate deployment of human resource and resource of regional emergency in the response system. It strengthens announcement and response ability of regional ocean occurrences. It cuts down executive time of marine pollution emergency response. It is effective to prevent pollution extension. It avoids to affect marine environmental sensitive region to cause that ecological and economic damage. In Taiwan, marine pollution response equipments have been included in budget of the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) for purchasing since 2001. Then EPA contributes to the Coast Guard Administration (CGA) or the local main authorities using. The equipment grows up of nothing and improves the strain energy gradually. The number of equipment requirement is not enough. And status and number of current facilities is not able to cope with over 10,000 tons of serious marine pollution occurrences. The suggestion is further requirement that response equipments of all regions should be check regularly and the budget is planed for facility replacement. In addition, the maintenance system of response equipments should be included in a set of information system. The system can control maintenance status and schedule of all regions’ response equipments. Moreover, a suggestion is to award the designated company to execute and maintain response equipments of all regions. The suggestion might be to save budget by the designated company for the Government. For example, in Tai Chung, the Chin Shui station builds a storehouse of response equipments and a training center that are managed by the designated company, including equipment maintenance, education training and response drill etc. The public affair department can reduce human resource and expense, and response executors can improve their major skills. In order to integrated with force and resource of civil organizations or groups to retain marine environment and protect marine resources together. We held two conferences about Marine Pollution Preventive Technique and Response Study. The study invited public organizations and groups for participant, including South Coastal Patrol Bureau of Coast Guard Administration、Environmental Protection Bureau of City Hall and County Government、 Marine Bureau、all regional Coastal Patrol brigades、Port Bureau、Kenting National Park、Taiwan Power company and Taiwan CPC corporation etc. The Study will invite all Environmental organizations and response organizations to advance communication of marine pollution response techniques and information. We have held four tabletop exercises and two drills of oil response, in order to inspect the difficulty and defects of local government oil spill response, and therefore simulate the procedure of response and analyze if local government store enough equipments for oil response. The oil spill response drills could reinforce proficient in equipment operations. The project was carried out a 329 kilometers investigation of marine environment sensitive standard classification. Established environment sensitive map is to let decision maker base on marine classification to clean pollution with suitable implements. In Addition, the decision maker can decide Protection precedence through ecological sensitive area and human utilized resource. All ecological and fishery resources are priceless natural wealth, that will cost a lot or couldn’t be restoration, so the investigation data is very important in oil spill response. In order to rich and complete the ESI map, so we have to collect ecological data, integrate other investigation data, and combine with the oil spill model.

Oil Spill Response,Marine Pollution Control,Emergency Response and Management