EPA-97-FA11-03-A112

097

13,000 千元

2008/05/12

2008/12/31

胡文正

溫減管理室(停用)

吳奕霖

財團法人工業技術研究院

科技計畫

京都議定書, 溫室氣體, 聯合國氣候變化綱要公約

Kyoto protocol, GHG, UNFCCC

蔡妙珊,盧裕倉

胡文正

03-5913770

VincentHu@itri.org.tw

本計畫已順利完成參與 UNFCCC 曼谷氣候對話會議、布魯塞爾國際碳行動夥伴組織（ICAP）「第一次全球碳市場論壇」會議、巴黎「2008 年 OECD 論壇」會議、UNFCCC 波昂第 28 屆附屬機構會議（SB28）、巴黎「國際能源研討會(IEW)」及「能源技術系統分析研究計畫研討會(ETSAP)」等國際會議。並協助環保署以工研院（ITRI）非政府組織方式，邀請國內各界菁英組團參與公約第 14 次締約國大會暨京都議定書第 4 次締約國會議，順利與邦交國、主要非邦交國、研究機構與企業團體雙邊會談，在氣候變遷與溫室氣體減量倡議上尋求合作機會，並參與國際排放交易協會（IETA）舉辦展覽攤位及 4 場周邊會議簡報，彙整各部會機構組織文宣說帖，發表我國在應對氣候變遷之努力成效及溫室氣體減量方案。延續去年峇里島會議結果，各國專注於可以量測、報告與查證（MRV）之適當國家行動。未來一年的磋商中，對於各國政府之主要挑戰，乃是如何於 2009 年哥本哈根聯合國「氣候變化綱要公約」的重要會議以達成一項強有力的新協定為目標，讓世界走上穩定大氣層溫室氣體濃度的正軌。這樣一項協定不僅代表著在處理當代最重要的挑戰之一方面有所進步，還可確保以最具環境保護與經濟發展效益之方式來因應全球氣候變化。 因此，為展現我國減緩氣候變遷努力決心及成果，爭取國際認同我國努力是相當重要。本計畫研究團隊及國內專家共提供兩篇專業論文首次參與哈佛大學國際氣候協議計畫所倡議之「Harvard Project Paper」徵文活動，及延續去年國際排放交易協會邀請參與「Greenhouse Gas Market Report 2008」全球碳市場制度年報製作出版活動。而且，本計畫亦兩度參與國際碳行動夥伴組織（ICAP）所舉辦的兩次論壇會議，與歐美各國碳交易制度建置及執行團隊進行有關 MRV 與拍賣制度技術交流，拓展後續諮詢聯繫管道。未來，另可邀請國外專家來台舉辦碳交易制度建置規劃研討會或相關活動，增進國內各界實質瞭解國際發展動態與釐清制度設計之疑慮，持續建構我國與國際接軌一致的方法標準。 本計畫推動我國企業協助住商部門自願減量工作，乃為遵循京都議定書推動 CDM 精神，創造永續社會，以弱勢團體為主要計畫實施對象，而企業則為計畫提案者與資金提供者，而本計畫則為計畫輔導者。今年選擇新竹市私立天主教仁愛啟智中心晨曦發展中心為計畫實施地點，計畫內容為將使用電力之熱水鍋爐改為熱泵熱水器，提升能源使用效率，減少二氧化碳排放量，今年已完成依 VCS 標準撰寫之計畫書。同時，為協助環保署建置國內溫室氣體自願減量多元方式，邀請國際碳排放協會的執行長 Mr. Henry Derwent，以及主導建置自願減量計畫標準 VCS 2007 之 VCS 協會（Voluntary Carbon Standard Association）的執行長 Mr. Edwin Aalders 共同來台，除參與一場超過 200 人與會公開的論壇外，也安排於環保署舉辦一場盛大的專家座談會，為我國推動 VCS 制度開啟前進之門。 同時，為強化 MARKAL 模型資料庫以探討溫室氣體減量法各部會所提措施與各層面政策模 X 擬情景研究，本計畫亦建置溫室氣體減量短中長期技術資料庫。目前已陸續建置完成半導體產業、人纖業及造紙業未來至 2030 年能源服務需求推估，及 MARKAL 模型技術與防制設備資料庫，並完成半導體產業、人纖業及造紙業溫室氣體及其前驅物減量策略與成本分析。目前已經就新版能源平衡表發展出 EXCEL 統計工具，並在本期末報告進行分析說明，在不確定性評估部份，也試行工業製程、林業、及廢棄物部門的評估，未來工作重點將在確認能源部門、工業製程部門的計算，及其他各清冊部門數據的更新，及不確定性評估工作。此外，並業已持續更新溫室氣體排放清冊，並加強與國際能源清冊統計專家間經驗交流。依據溫室氣體排放量分析，我國總 GHG 排放量自 1990 年 142278.12 千公噸二氧化碳當量，上升至 2007年 300553.04 千公噸二氧化碳當量，排放量增加 111.24％，年平均成長率為 4.50％。由於我國能源高度仰賴進口及產品多屬外銷等特性，使溫室氣體排放量持續上升，從 1990 年到 2007年的排放量至少增加了一倍以上，成為我國不能承受之重，亦不利國家經濟發展與轉型，在逐漸加嚴的國際減量趨勢下，我國政府與企業所面臨的挑戰將更加嚴峻。雖然，國際金融危機風暴和經濟衰退言論歷來不利於環境問題。在這種時候，採取果斷的多邊行動解決環境威脅和挑戰可以帶來廣泛的健康、社會和經濟利益。 最後，本計畫亦持續增加訂閱相關國際資訊期刊（如 IETA, Point Carbon, Eeconomist 等）及能源/環境/經濟書籍，俾積極掌握國際最新趨勢。已發行因應聯合國氣候變化綱要公約 4期電子報及更新網站內容。舉辦 7 場學術專題演講，包括：「油價破百-談全球能源安全」、「造林減碳」、「因應溫室氣體減量合理有效之財稅工具研析」、「海峽兩岸節能減碳策略」、「鯨類與水中噪音」、「國家通訊氣候變遷衝擊調適報告撰寫諮商會」及「我國航空業納入歐盟排放交易體系」，提供環保署及部會決策參考工具。

京都議定書, 溫室氣體, 聯合國氣候變化綱要公約

期末報告.rar

23MB

[期末報告]公開完整版

2009/7/1 上午 12:00:00

The work tasks of this project have been completed smoothly, for examples: participating Bangkok Climate Change Talks, ICAP:The 1st Global Carbon Market Forum, OECD Forum 2008, IEW, assisting Taiwan EPA to invite relevant experts and organizations to participate the 28th subsidiary body meetings in Bonn. On behalf of ITRI, assisting Taiwan EPA to invite relevant experts and organizations to participate COP14/CMP4 organizing bilateral meetings with diplomatic relation countries, main economic countries and international stakeholders, seeking related greenhouse gas reduction cooperating opportunities with important international organizations. In the meantime, Taiwan’s delegation owns an exhibition and makes four presentations in order to report implementation of national greenhouse gas reduction and inventory experiences in IETA side events at COP14/CMP4, which help the world to understand the works that Taiwan have done for the greenhouse gas reduction. Consistent with the Bali outcome, the GHG emissions’ MRV methodology has been in active discussion lately in preparation for nationally appropriate actions. A key challenge for Governments over the next one year is to agreed a international climate change agreement for the post-2012 period in Copenhagen in 2009. The goal must be a decisive new agreement that sets the world on track to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Such an agreement would not only represent progress on one of the greatest challenges of our time, but is also likely to ensure that this global issue is being addressed in an environmentally effective and economically sustainable manner. Therefore, ITRI is keeping in touch with international climate change initiatives, participating to the HARVARD PROJECT PAPER and Greenhouse Gas Market Report 2008, which can help the world to understand the efforts that Taiwan have done for the greenhouse gas reduction. Leaders of more than 15 governments launch the establishment of the International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP) attributing to a well-functioning global cap and trade carbon market. ICAP forums had held twice in this year for providing the opportunity for members to share best practice and learn from each others’ experiences. Through this sharing, ICAP will enhance the design of other schemes including MRV and auction by ensuring that design compatibility issues are recognized at an early stage. As a result, ICAP will make possible future linking of trading programs. This project sent a person to participate the forums twice, establishing the linkage with experts from other organizations for carring out the cap and trade system and participating in the global market. This project drives the voluntary carbon reduction project between the enterprises and the disadvantaged minority groups. The concept from CDM wants to promote sustainable development in developing countries. The St. Joseph social welfare foundation in Hsinchu, Taiwan is the VCS project implementing site, this project assist the enterprise in Taiwan implement the heat-pump project following the VCS 2007. At the same time, Taiwan EPA has invited Mr. Henry Derwent (the CEO of IETA) and Mr. Edwin Aalders (the CEO of VCS) to attend this 2008 VCS Forum in Taiwan, over 200 people participated in the meeting. They share some knowledge and experiences of the international voluntary reduction mechanism and capacity building. VCS 2007 is a voluntary standard alternative to Kyoto mechanism, therefore it is highly possible that Taiwanese business will be able to participate in international carbon markets. At the same time, ITRI is improving the database of MARKAL Model relating to these reduction GHG measures and abatement costs of semiconductors, synthetic fibers, pulp and paper industries, also including the discussion on greenhouse gas reduction laws and the proposed measures from each department. ITRI developed an ECXEL tool for calculating GHG emissions from fossil fuels according to new format of OECD energy balance sheet. This tool is shown on and the results of GHG emissions are analyzed in this final report. In aspect of assessing uncertainty,ITRI is trying to calculate the uncertainty from the industrial, forestry, and waste sectors. The focus in future will be on confirming the calculation of emissions from energy and industry sectors, updating the inventories of all sectors, and strengthening the uncertainty assessment. In addition, ITRI is reviewing Taiwan GHG emission statistics, also exchanging the experience with international experts together. At present, Taiwan total GHG emissions is 300553.04 thousand tonne carbon dioxide equivalent in 2007, the trend is still steadily increasing from 1990 to 2007, the annual average growth rate is almost 4.50%. The main CO2 emission is from the electricity generation due to fossil fuel combustion. The GHG emission of Taiwan has at least doubled since 1990 due to our high dependency of foreign energy and a major proportion of exporting goods. This increasing trend is a huge responsibility for us to bear, as well as a disadvantage for our economy development and transformation. With more stringent international reduction trend, the challenges for our government and enterprises are more difficult. Though, Global financial crisis and talk of recession have historically spelt tough times for the environment. At such moments, decisive multilateral action on environmental threats and challenges can bring wide-ranging health, social and economic benefits. Finally, the project supports some international publications on 3E themes, also has completed three issues of electric news, and updating the relevant web site and the English version brochure, and assisting Taiwan EPA to organize 7 climate change workshops on climate change issues.

Kyoto protocol, GHG, UNFCCC