| 英文摘要 |
There are two major tasks in this project, including,
(1) Introduction of Construction Product Directive (CPD, 89/106/EEC) and Building Material Decree (BMD, staatsblad van het koninkrijk der Nerderland), improving the management system of secondary material.
(2) Promotion of secondary materials reusing system, demonstration of the project performance
Five major achievements could be presented as follows,
1.Information collection of CPD and BMD, including legal basis, law formation. process, directive division instruction, assessment process of materials and case study analysis.
Complete text, essential requirements and guideline papers of CPD were downloaded and collected via internet. Analysis of legal basis, law formation process, directive division instruction and the assessment process of construction products were done. In Interpretative document No. 3: Hygiene, health and the environment (ER No.3) requires that “The construction work must be designed and built in such a way that it will not be a threat to the hygiene or health of the occupants or neighbours, in particular as a result of any of the following:
the giving-off of toxic gas,
the presence of dangerous particles or gases in the air,
the emission of dangerous radiation,
pollution or poisoning of the water or soil,
faulty elimination of waste water, smoke, solid or liquid wastes,
the presence of damp in parts of the works or on surfaces within the works.”
These requirements have brought huge influence on the environmental requirements of construction products in the EU countries.
At the same time, texts and explanatory notes and guidelines of BMD were also downloaded via internet. Analysis of legal basis, law formation process, directive division instruction and the assessment process of construction products were also done. The purpose of the Decree is to prevent the pollution of surface water, groundwater and the soil. Therefore, the BMD covers the use of materials and earth only, but not their storage or transport nor the working conditions, civil-engineering requirements or other aspects unrelated to their use. These are governed by other - statutory - rules. In addition, to avoid small quantities of category 2 building materials being found all over the Netherlands, a minimum quantity of building material to be used in a work are required.
2.Comparison and analysis of leaching tests between Taiwan and tests in CPD and BMD.
TCLP (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure) was originally developed for the identification of hazardous wastes. The test conditions do not properly simulate the conditions at construction sites where recycled resources are used. Because the extraction with 0.5 N acetic acid in the TCLP testis to simulate the important chemical reaction stages which generate acetic and other organic acids in the formation of methane in a municipal waste landfill. Such conditions are not always relevant to construction sites where there is hardly any organic material available. In comparison with the leaching test methods with proper risk assessment basis collected in this project, TCLP could not present the long term leachability and cumulative leaching quantities of heavy metals. Hence Risk could be assessed via TCLP tests. TCLP is only suitable for the characterization of hazardous waste, but not the suitability of recycling resources.
3.Preliminary suggestion of local environmental suitability of resources.
In composition standard aspect, the concept of soil Pollution Control Standard in current Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act is quite similar to the intervention value in Netherland which is the used as composition standard for clean soil in BMD. In order not to conflict with the relative regulation in Taiwan now, we suggest that the composition standard for earth could be replaced with soil Pollution Control Standard as temporarily standard. Also the composition the composition standard for clean earth could be replaced with soil Pollution Monitoring Standard as temporarily standard.
In solubility standard aspect, test methods should be established in order to retrieve corresponding data. Therefore, audition and announcement of the test methods should be processed before the setting new solubility standard. The immission standard is defined as a burdening due to leaching from a construction material which leads to a 1% increase of a compound in the solid phase of the soil compared to the target value for soil quality in 100 years averaged over the first meter of a soil which is considered to be homogeneous. Before the soil quality and further immission calculation methods been defined, using the BMD immission standard could be an applicable temporarily way.
4.Providing supporting test methods, simulating systems and standards for secondary material.
ECN (Netherland) has spent decades on the development of expert system called LeachXS. The system could provide the user with environmental geochemical database for the environmental impact assessment modeling. The system could also be combined with the data acquired from the CEN/NEN leaching tests; immission value up to 100 years could easily be calculated.
5.Providing corresponding report to the Resource Recovery and Recycling Committee.
Corresponding materials has been presented in the Resource Recovery and Recycling Committee in May 8th, 2010. The suggested topics proposed to committee members for further discussion are (a)Constructing evaluation processes and management systems for recycling products; (b)Establishment, evaluation and announcement of standard test methods for leachability; (c)Temporarily standards for environmental suitability standard in Taiwan and (d)Suggested plan for establishing the environmental suitability standard in Taiwan.
|