101年度雲林縣濁水溪附近鄉鎮河川揚塵暴露調查計畫
| 中文摘要 | 本計畫主要工作項目包括歷年河川揚塵對空品影響之分析、學童揚塵暴露量之調查分析、河川揚塵期間學童尿液金屬濃度與尿液細胞氧化性傷害分析、揚塵期間學童肺功能檢測、學童及居民疾病型態就診率之分析調查及學童衛生教育之介入實驗等項。在歷年河川揚塵對空品影響之分析方面，發現2008及2009年河川揚塵對空品影響最為嚴重，但近兩年(2010及2011年) 在環保署及地方環保與衛生單位之努力下，河川揚塵對空品影響則有大幅度之改善。在河川揚塵暴露量之調查分析上，發現易揚塵期間之室外及室內PM10懸浮微粒質量濃度高於非揚塵期間之濃度，但暴露組與對照組間之差異並不明顯。塵土負荷量學校或家戶間之變異極大，可能受到學童上下課活動、居家生活習慣、居家環境及校園環境等影響，但經調整後之塵土負荷量，其暴露組在易揚塵期間相對於非揚塵期間之增幅有高於對照組之現象。 學童尿液金屬元素之濃度在班級間之差異很大，由於本年度河川揚塵不夠強烈，故大部份金屬其暴露組濃度與對照組並未有明顯差異。As存在於自然土壤中，常被視為地殼元素，由於該元素在食物中含量很低，且採樣地區並無As固定源之排放，加以該元素在人體中可迅速經由尿液中排出，故可選擇作為低河川揚塵程度下評斷揚塵進入體內之良好指標。本計畫分析結果發現，暴露組學童尿液濃度在易揚塵期間相對於非之揚塵期間其增加之幅度明顯高於對照組。學童尿液8-oxodG之檢測結果，發現其值在季節間稍有變化，且暴露組在易揚塵期間其第三天之測值有顯著高於第一天。 結合全民健保資料庫與河川揚塵空品資料之分析上發現，河川揚塵事件其PM10濃度與部份疾病之就診人次呈顯著之劑量效應，其中慢性肺部疾病、過敏性鼻炎、急性呼吸道疾病及其他上呼吸道疾病在兒童及成人的就診率皆呈現與PM10濃度有顯著正相關。肺功能檢測結果顯示，家住大馬路旁及居家附近有超級難聞的臭味可能為長期影響學童肺功能異常之危險因子，且學童居家附近之室外空氣污染源愈多，則FVC%為異常之勝算（OR=1.10, P<0.05）顯著較高。 經教育訓練課程介入後，實驗組之後測相對於前測在認知題上有顯著差異，而實驗組之後後測相對於前測在認知題上亦有顯著差異。另在信心題、態度題及行為題上，實驗組之後測-前測與後後測-前測均呈現正向效果，但未達統計上之顯著差異。當揚塵來襲時，實驗組學童會出現防護行為之頻率提升，故本計畫之教育訓練課程，可實際協助學童提升其在河川揚塵之自我防護行為。雖然本年度兩次採樣期間並未出現嚴重之河川揚塵現象，但設置防護設施即使在不顯著之河川揚塵情況下，其對室內空品仍有一定程度之改善。 | ||
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| 中文關鍵字 | 河川揚塵，暴露量，雲林縣，肌酐酸 | ||
基本資訊
| 專案計畫編號 | 9929 | 經費年度 | 101 | 計畫經費 | 1120 千元 |
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| 專案開始日期 | 2011/01/20 | 專案結束日期 | 2012/06/30 | 專案主持人 | 郭崇義 教授 |
| 主辦單位 | 雲林縣環境保護局 | 承辦人 | 呂思妮 | 執行單位 | 中山醫學大學 |
成果下載
| 類型 | 檔名 | 檔案大小 | 說明 |
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| 期末報告 | 101年度雲林縣河川揚塵暴露調查計劃期末報告.pdf | 33MB |
Health surveillance for residents exposed to river dust in central Taiwan.
| 英文摘要 | The major tasks in this project included：(1) evaluation of the impact of aeolian river-dust on the air quality during 2000-2010, (2) assessment of the exposure of elementary school children to river-dust, (3) determination of the urinary levels of metal and 8-oxodG in children, (4) conducting the cardiopulmonary function test in children, (5) estimation of clinic visits for selected diseases among children and adult residents, and (6) health education intervention. The data from air-monitoring stations showed that the air quality was seriously influenced by the river-dust during 2008 and 2009. However, because of the government’s actions and programs, the impact of river-dust on air quality has been significantly improved in recent two years (2010 and 2011). The results showed that the PM10 concentrations during the predilection periods of river-dust (PRD) were higher than those during the non-predilection periods of river-dust (NPRD). However, there were no significant differences in PM10 concentrations between exposed areas (Lunbei Township and Erlun Township) and non-exposed areas (Gukeng Township and Yuanchang Township). Although the dust loading in the household and in classroom varied significantly, the increased amounts of dust loading from NPRD to PRD at exposed areas were higher than those at non-exposed areas. Because there was no significant river-dust episodes occurred during the sampling time, the urinary metal concentrations of school children showed no significant differences between exposed areas and non-exposed areas. Arsenic (As) was chosen as an indicator in this study to evaluate the exposure of river-dust during the PRD due to it is naturally present in soil or as salts, no As stationary emission source exists surrounding the area, and its rapid excretion through urine. Urinary metal analysis showed that the increased amounts of urinary As for school children during PRD were significantly higher at exposed areas than those at non-exposed areas. Urinary 8-oxodG analysis revealed that there was a seasonal variation in the 8-oxodG concentration among the school children. It was also found that the exposed school children had significantly higher urinary 8-oxodG concentrations at day 3 than at day 1 during the PRD. After linking the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and daily average data of PM10 concentration, this study found that there is a significant dose-response effect between PM10 levels and clinic visits for some diseases among both children and adults’ samples, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Allergic Rhinitis, Acute Respiratory Infections, and Other Diseases of Upper Respiratory Tract. Meanwhile, the results of cardiopulmonary function test further showed that "living in the roadside", "unpleasant odor" and "outdoor air pollution" may have long-term effect on children's lung function. After the health education intervention, it was found that students in the experimental group had significantly higher score on knowledge than those in the control group. In addition, the frequency of protective behaviors adopted by experimental group students was found to be increased during the PRD, suggesting that the health education intervention can actually help the students to improve self-protection against river-dust. | ||
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| 英文關鍵字 | aeolian river-dust, residential exposure, Yunlin County, creatinine | ||