| 英文摘要 |
In order to attain PM2.5 annual standard 15μg/m3, which is part of “Republic of China-10 years as a golden decade” , the project analyzes control measures designed by central and local governments to estimate reasonable benefits and reduction. There are about 10~40% reductions for individual polluants in 2020 based on 2010’s TEDS 8.1; moreover, we collect and summarize mainland China’s control measures and plans, and use the model to verify whether our control plan can help us reach our air quality standard. The results show Taiwan’s annual PM2.5 concentration will be attained in 2020, and 24-hour PM2.5 and 1-hour O3 concentration may be attained in 2020 if we can strengthen control measures during high-polluted seasons. It has high probability to attain annual PM2.5 and 24-hour PM2.5 standards in North and Chu-Miao air quality basins, and it needs all counties and cities to work together to strengthen control measures if Central, Yun-Chia-Nan and Kao-Ping want to attain. It’s difficult to attain 8-hour O3 standard, the project recommend to adjust the reduction percentage of NOx and NMHC, and we should propose more NMHC control measures to have higher probability to attain air quality standards.
We can estimate the rate of reduction for attainment in 2020 through the relationship between PM2.5 concentration and emission in various simulation cases. Each pollutants should be reduced to attain as follows: PM2.5: 33%, SOx: 41%, NOx: 47% and NMHC: 14%. Consequently, we propose additional control measures as follows: tighten sulfur content of fuel oil for stationary sources, promote control efficiency of SCRs for stationary sources, promote the installation of diesel particulate filters in large trucks, improve the use of public transport and use of low sulfur oil or shore-power for OGV (Ocean Going Vessel), design control regulations for food and beverage industries, promote organic fertilizer to reduce straw open burning, increase the ratio of level-A paved roads, decrease the ratio of unpaved roads, strengthen to reduce NMHC emission from source control and cooperate with other government agencies to establish domestic NH3 emission inventory more correctly.
We also analyzes the latest air quality data from Jan. to Oct. in 2015, and the results show a 0.58% PSI>100 ratio and 3.39% PM2.5 index≧7 ratio, and about 30% poor air quality affected by exceptional events; to inform local governments if the poor air quality forecast is released, and the total poor air quality events was 92 days in Central air quality basin, and 88 days in Koa-Ping air quality basin, the project summarized all of the reports from local governments, Tainan city responded the most times according to our record; to establish the online system to inform local governments to improve efficiency, and update the contacts list; seasonal valuable aerial filming and poor air quality events are recorded in North, Central and South Taiwan by continuous shooting.
Other foreign organizations’ air quality database and environmental management systems are also compiled in the project. We make analysis for data from World Bank’s GMAPs (Global Model of Ambient Particulates), OECD’s Your Better Life Index, Yale University’s Environmental Performance Index and Dalhousie University’s Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group; moreover, we established connections among Taiwan EPA and these organizations to help EPA have the ability to get the latest and most correct data and trend. For World Bank’s GMAPs, the project already has the ability to calculate Taiwan’s own PM10 concentration, and we also reacted with GMAPs members to respond our opinions about Taiwan’s result for the model.
“22nd International Conference on Aerosol Science ＆ Technology (ICAST): 2015 Conference on PM2.5 and Health” was held by the project to provide industries, the government and academic units to build a consensus in order to control aerosol pollution in Taiwan and other countries efficiently; “PM2.5 brochure” and “The Annual Assessment Report of the Air Pollution Control in Taiwan for 2014” are also compiled in the project; collected foreign air quality management strategy and latest news; EPA’s websites for air quality improvement is maintained and other relevant major tasks such as conferences administrative and technical support are completed, and all reach a great success.
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