| 英文摘要 |
Through auditing of the maintenance and preparedness of oil response equipment of local authorities, the response capacity for oil spill emergency may be strengthened. Hopefully, the efficiency of response operation may be uplifted if multi-purpose strategic planning and risk management maps were established as a useful reference. The operation mechanism of oil spill response actions has been strengthened through: the auditing of response equipment to increase its preparedness for oil response operation, assisting the operation of oil response action to improve the response action efficiency. After the project execution, the response equipment was considered sound and adequate. Suggestions include: extended equipment auditing outside environmental governing agencies, proper budgeting in purchasing additional response equipment to replace those that was expired or about to expire, interlinking the response equipment database among related authorities to enhance the response efficiency and reduce government expenses. Through the on-site auditing, the local authorities gained adequate and professional knowledge and skills on the preservation/maintenance of response equipment, horizontal communication among related agencies, information collection on marine/coastal environment, weather condition, and risky/sensitive areas for oil spill accidents.
For strengthening the marine pollution control legal framework, the conclusions of 68th Meeting of International Maritime Organization Marine Environmental Protection Committee (IMO MEPC) were collected. This meeting confirmed that the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments has not meet the requirement to become effective at the end of February, 2016, and it is expected to be in effect in 2017. For the issues of environmental pollution control and energy consumption arisen during marine navigation, more researches should be conducted to further explore advanced technologies and more efficient equipment. The conclusions of 65th to 68th MEPC meetings were collected, and results regarding ballast water management, energy utilization efficiency, emission of greenhouse gases were summarized. For the collection of ocean dumping fee, the related regulatory information was collected. The ocean dumping rate was investigated and amendment was proposed. For the impact of marine debris on ocean ecology, the beach cleanup garbage was analyzed, its potential origins were evaluated, and possible reduction strategies were studied. The microplastic garbage control strategies of international community were collected and investigated, which can be used as a reference for future policy enactment.
The occurrence of marine oil pollution incidents has a massive impact on marine environment conservation, and immediate response and control to facilitate the pollution mitigation may exhibit a significant contribution on the marine environmental conservation and ecological integrity preservation. To meet the demands and enhance the response capacity during oil spill response, the response efficiency may be improved through the establishment of the standard operation protocols for response actions, table exercise on the response of oil spill incidents, evaluation of oil pollution response plans of local governments and oil transport industries, utilization of past in-situ experience on oil pollution response as the reference.
The promotion of green port marine pollution control assistance and evaluation project is important to ensure the protection of marine environment and harbor sustainable development. In this project, the management and pollution control policy for the endorsed green harbor of other countries were collected and adopted, in line with the self-evaluation concepts of environmental management system. The contents of the assistance and evaluation project included evaluating institutional management framework, monitoring the aquatic environment quality of harbor areas, auditing the resources utilization and recycling, developing the distinguished feature for harbor operation. The on-site inspections were conducted by inviting two specialists and two representatives from related governing agencies as the reviewers during November/December of 2015. Among the harbors visited in this project, the vision of harbor management, marine pollution control strategies, self-auditing systems, and contingency plans were all well planned. All the efforts were made to lead these harbors towards the establishment of green and sustainable ports. For the marine pollution control in harbor areas, periodical environmental quality monitoring should continue to be implemented. Possible reduction in marine pollution discharges from operating vessels should be conducted.
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