| 英文摘要 |
To continue previous projects, this project focused on several perspectives -development of international carbon neutrality trend and related case studies, promoting information exchange among international organizations, researching on domestic creative greenhouse gases reduction implementations, developing policies and actions of implementing carbon neutrality, and developing and updates tools of carbon neutrality and low-carbon activity with international standards. As at the end of this project, we briefly describe our report as follows:
(A) Study international low carbon actions and incorporate with concepts of sustainable management in enterprises
1.After studied six outstanding enterprises’ low-carbon actions,including ChinaSteel, China Shipbuilding Crop., United Microelectronics Corporation, Yulon, and IKEA, we found out that they not only promote implementation carbon reduction events, they moreover set energy saving teams to systematically plan and implement and disclosure their self-carbon-emission for achieving requirement of CSR. We also wrote an abstract report as references, after studied environmental protection actions before, during and after COP21 corresponding to goal and methods of ISO20121.
2.To reduce greenhouse gases emission, Taiwan Environmental Protection Association recently not only proactively develop strategies of carbon management from various perspectives, but also promote development of technologies. Followed the concepts of sustainable management from ISO 20121, we edited 「Guidelines of Low-carbon Activities for Protection of Environment」with introducing concepts of PDCA to compensate disadvantages of the original version. For instance, we add concepts of check and act into the new version. It will perfect our implementation of low carbon activities and benefit to increase international compatibility. In addition, Checklist of Environmental Protection and Low Carbon Activity was reedited with an international reference to less ambiguous content and concept of carbon offset was introduced into the checklist.
3.To consult enterprises to introduce carbon management into their central management ideas, we communicated with European Chamber of Commerce Taiwan(ECCT),IKEA, First Commercial Bank to discuss low carbon strategies and possibilities of cooperation. More specifically, The First Commercial Bank was selected to be our target achieving carbon neutrality through our criteria, processing and achieving greenhouse gases reduction and carbon neutrality. The First Commercial Bank, as a vanguard in domestic industries, was awarded Taipei award of environmental education-private industry, rank second in Golden Energy Saving competition-green building team、rank first in Taipower’s small and medium enterprises energy saving competition by establishing “Principle of Green Financing Review”、improving old buildings to earn Green Building Labels, acting green procurement along with reducing carbon emission per capita from 2.39 ton CO2e in 2013年to 2.26 ton CO2ein 2014.In this carbon neutrality case, we reduce 80ton CO2e accounted for 10% annual carbon emission with various energy efficacy improvement.
4. To improve re-usage efficiency of waste cooking oil, we studied and planned a local Clean Development Mechanism-Produce biofuel and apply it factory boilers” with Taiwan Chinese Petroleum Corporation, which has been certified by a legal certification body in November 2015.The methodology refers to「CDM AMS-I.H Biodiesel production and use for energy generation in stationary applications」and “CDM AMS-III.B Switching Fossil Fuels”. The characteristics of the methodology are that(1)carbon credit could be used by users, producers, and retailers;(2) proportion of biofuel is reduced to 5% for attracting users(3) the waste cooking oil which used to transform to biofuel can only from domestic source. Taiwan Chinese Petroleum Corporation had apply for this new methodology to Taiwan EPA.
5.Researched carbon reduction strategies of international traffic department including management of carbon emission from vehicles, carbon footprint of road construction, reduction actions from domestic traffic department, creative management plan of Ubike, and cutting edge approaches of applying internet technology. Gogoro, an electric vehicle company, is an paragon to introduce their carbon reducing behaviors for increase domestic policies. We discovered that the common of both companies is applying smart and cloud technology to largely decrease labor demand and therefore decrease energy usage.
(B) Collected creative carbon reduction plans an attended international carbon management meeting.
1.Collected and analyzed Intended Nationally Determined Contributions to as a reference for domestic greenhouse gases reduction policies. There are 160 INDCs revealed onto UNFCC (including 187 countries and 98% of global carbon emission).From this documents, countries have ambitious target compared with target committed in Kyoto Protocol and Doha Commitment. However developing countries and developed countries still have different extents of target.
2. Conference of the Parties held by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is an index in conferences to discuss extreme climate events. We attended COP21 in December 2014 to promote domestic results of carbon neutrality with flyers. In addition, we cooperated with Centre for International Governance Innovation, CIGI, a famous climate change research institute to analyze negotiation results in COP21 and the new agreement for period after 2020.
3.The Paris Agreement is the most important agreement after Kyoto Protocol and also may be the most important milestone since UNFCCC establishment. The agreement includes (1)a target of temperature increasing(beneath 2℃);(2)a target to dedicate to carbon balance between anthropogenic carbon emission and carbon sequestration, mitigation, adaptation, funding, capability transfer, capability building, and transparency.(3) protect human right to protect least development and island countries(4)climate fund preparation (Before 2025,100 billion dollars and increase annually after 2025).
（C）Update and construct a new low carbon activity and carbon neutrality platform.
1.In terms of climate impact caused by climate change, promoting policies of energy saving and efficiency increasing is of priority. We held an information exchange meeting of greenhouse gases reduction methods on 28 Aug, 2015 in LanYang Museum, Yilan. In this meeting, local government and central government exchange their experience of greenhouse gases reduction plans. Moreover, Taiwan EPA introduced “Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction and Management Act” to inspire more ideas of managing greenhouse gases emission.
2.We edited a e-book including Chinese and English version named “Road to Carbon neutrality”. Main target audiences are citizens , so the content e-book of is edited by easily understand sentences and figures. The e-book was uploaded to “Carbon neutrality management platform (www. http://co2neutral.epa.gov.tw)” and was printed by environmental ink and recycled paper and provided to citizens.
3.To exhibit domestic results of promoting carbon neutrality, we produced a short film, “How to Be Carbon Neutrality” to introduce climate change, concept of carbon neutrality, cases introduction of carbon neutrality, and research results of carbon neutral standard. The film has approved by committee of broadcast platform of Taiwan EPA and will be uploaded Youtube channel which belongs to Taiwan EPA, provided to local governments.
4.We analyzed carbon emission source and reduction plants of low-carbon activity and incorporated viable implementing approaches. The result will be announced on the low carbon activity platform. Since April 2016, there are 16,481 cases of low-carbon activity, which has 89% from public sectors, so we induced that it is necessary to enhance efforts on private sectors. In addition, common reduction approached are air-temperature control, electronization, low carbon education, which are achieved the requirement of ” Guidelines of Low-carbon Activities for Protection of Environment”. At last, we found out that if an activity or a meeting follows the Guidelines of Low-carbon Activities for Protection of Environment, the carbon emission could be reduced by 20%.
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