| 英文摘要 |
The quantification of the energy consumption and emissions of vehicles by an overall life-cycle assessment can be used as the basis to promote related policies. The GREET model, developed by U.S. Argonne National Laboratory, divided into a fuel-cycle sub-model (GREET 1) including the phases of well-to-pump and pump-to-wheels, and a vehicle-cycle sub-model (GREER 2) including the phases of vehicle production, assembly, disposal and recycling, is used for this project to establish localized life-cycle analysis model for Taiwan’s vehicles.
Taiwan GREET model was expanded and updated during the period of this year’s project, including the building of the complete life-cycle models of gasoline scooters, hybrid buses and electric buses, and to update or adjust the important parameters which have been built in the previous plan. Since the energy use or emissions of vehicle driving has the greatest impact on the results of overall life-cycle analysis usually, a number of vehicle with different types were tested with portable emission measurement system in the real-world conditions, and the results were analyzed based on MOVES model methodology. In addition, a low-polluted transport case using electric buses was selected, and the fuel-cycle assessment was performed for the case, applying MOVES and Taiwan GREET in combination, in order to verify the feasibility of the analyzing method by that program. The results can serve as the reference for low-polluted transport policies by goverments.
The main achievements and conclusions are as follows:
(1)Several impornant parameters of the Taiwan GREET model were updated. Sensitivity Analysis exhibits that the parameters related to the shares of different power generation types are highly sensitive to the overall life-cycle assessment of electric vehicles.
(2)Complete life-cycle localization models were built for gasoline scooters, HEV buses and electric buses in Taiwan GREET. The results show that the vehicle operation stage is the main energy consumption and emission stage of Taiwan's gasoline scooters, and the main fuel-cycle energy consumption and emissions of Taiwan's gasoline scooters are all occurring in Taiwan.
(3)Compairing the overall life-cycle assessment of diesel, HEV and electric buses with each other, electric buses show the best performance in the aspect of energy and emission reduction, and HEV buses are superior to diesel buses.
(4)The fuel-cycle assessment for the low-polluted transport case using electric bus show that the use of electric buses indeed has a considerable effect on the reduction of local emissions and energy consumption.
(5)The road measurement and data analysis of various types of vehicles on different road types were completed. The results showed that vehicles traveling in mountainous areas had higher emissions than ordinary roads, thus the VSP emission model of mountainous roads needed to be built separately from normal roads.
(6)The actual measurement of the bus routes in the downtown area of diesel buses has been completed. The results show that load changes have no significant effect on diesel bus emissions, for buses driving in the urban bus route.
The results of life-cycle energy use and emissions reductions of electric vehicles compared to conventional vehicles estimated are also suggested as the reference for Taiwan’s green vehicle subsidy policies.
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