| 英文摘要 |
Taiwan Emission Data System (TEDS), as national emission inventory for air pollution control, is reviewed and updated every three years. The purposes of project in 2017 includes (1) reviewing emission inventory of TEDS 9.0 version (based on 2013), (2) estimating emission inventory of 2014 based on methods of TEDS 9.0, (3) Using satellite monitoring data to collect information of bared river land and agricultural burning and (4) reviewing emission factor of agricultural burning and restaurant cooking emission by experiment. The main achievement of this year also includes:
1. Correcting error estimates of TEDS9.0 and completing promulgation of TEDS9.0. The revised national inventories (excluding offshore emission from ships) of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, THC, NMHC, CO are 385,307 tons/year, 166,967 tons/year,77,183 tons/year, 116,943 tons/year, 399,417 tons/year, 540,987 tons/year, 457,176 tons/year, 568,305 tons/year and 1,044 tons/year.
2. In stationary emission database, the emission of NMHC with highest uncertainty among all pollutants is mostly estimated by using averaged emission factors, and the portion to total emission is 87%. In mobile sources emission database, TEDS9.0 uses higher resolution data such as vehicle-age (1-25 years) distribution for reducing uncertainties of mobile sources emission. In fugitive sources emission database, most sources possess B-level and C-level data quality, and most are C-level.
3. The sensitivity of emission inventory is evaluated by Monte-Carlo simulation. For mobile sources emission, the emission of particle (TSP, PM10, PM2.5), SOx and NOx is mostly influenced by bias of fuel-consumption factor (59%), fuel-consumption quantities (99%) and zero-mileage emissions and vehicle deteriorating rate (38%). the emission of THC, NMHC and CO is manly influenced by bias of averaged VKT. The major source of fugitive sources is activity intensity.
4. The bared area of 15 major rivers in flood and non-flood season in 2016 is 26,869 and 36,105 hectares respectively. Compared with 2013, the area in flood season decreased 8%, while the area in non-flood season increased 24%. Based on AQMS data and river bared land data, the TSP, PM10, PM2.5 emission in 2016 from river is 70,907 tons/year, 35,453 tons/year and 14,221 tons/year.
5. The agricultural burning ratio, investigated by satellite, of 1st and 2nd harvest period in 2016 is 0.8%-5.4% and 0.5%-2.1%. Concerned with emission factor, 8 samples collected from Central Taiwan is tested, and the emission factors of TPM, PM2.5, THC, SOx and NOx are 18.432±1.339 g/Kg-RS, 18.229±1.211 g/Kg-RS, 0.138±0.022 g/Kg-RS, 13.36±1.37 g/Kg-RS and g/Kg-RS. Compared with emission factors of TEDS9.0, the experimental emission factors of particle is 2-times higher than TEDS9.0. For SOx , NOx and CO, the experimental factors are 2-8 times lower than TEDS9.0. And for THC and NMHC, the experimental factor IS 40-times lower than TEDS9.0. Based on above outcomes, the TSP, PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, NMHC and CO emission in 2016 from river is 1,002.5 tons/year, 1,002.5 tons/year, 971.2 tons/year, 657.1 tons/year, 932.0 tons/year, 5.6 tons/year and 9,435.7 tons/year.
6. Executing restaurant cooking sampling project with 12 samples and comparing TEDS9.0 emission factors with experimental outcomes. The restaurant types includes Chinese, Japanese, combined and BBQ, and according to experimental outcomes, the emission factors of BBQ restaurants is the highest among all restaurant types.
7. Updating the county/city emission reporting system: including a) technical support of 2016 county/city emission control projects; b) review, evaluation, and advises to 2016 emission control projects; c) elaboration of evaluation standards for 2017 emission projects.
8. 2015 green national product (GNP), including newly added product from PM2.5 emission, is prepared, and provided to the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting, and Statistics.
9. The web site of “Air Pollution Inventory Query System” is promulgated in 2016.11.1, and the contents include estimation methods, spatial and temporal weighing factors etc. Meanwhile, the structure of emission inventory web site is elaborated. Also, the web-site contents of estimation teaching of new emission sources, activity of emission and space allocation index is accomplished. And, related information of emission web sites overseas is continuously collected.
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