| 英文摘要 |
The occurrence of marine oil pollution incidents has a massive impact on marine environment conservation, and immediate response and control to facilitate the pollution mitigation may exhibit a significant contribution on the marine environmental conservation and ecological integrity preservation. To meet the demands and enhance the response capacity during oil spill response, the response efficiency may be improved through utilizing the marine pollution contingency map from cities and counties, developing the Regional Marine Oil Pollution Emergency Response Projects, establishing a full-time contingency supporting procedure, incorporating the past in-situ experience on the regular table exercise on the response of oil spill incidents, and evaluating the oil pollution response plans and the emergency equipment for oil spill response of local governments and oil transport industries.
Through auditing of the maintenance and preparedness of oil response equipment of local authorities, the response capacity for oil spill emergency are strengthened. The efficiency of responsive operation may be enhanced if multi -purpose strategic planning and risk management maps were established as a useful reference. The operation mechanism of oil spill responsive actions has been strengthened through: the auditing of response equipment to increase its preparedness for oil response operation, assisting the operation of oil response action to improve the responsive action efficiency. After the project execution, the response equipment was considered sound and adequate. Suggestions include: extended equipment auditing outside environmental governing agencies, proper budgeting in purchasing additional response equipment to replace those that was expired or about to expire, interlinking the response equipment database among related authorities to enhance the response efficiency and reduce government expenses. Through the on-site auditing, the local authorities gained adequate and professional knowledge/skills on the preservation or maintenance of response equipment, lateral communication among related agencies, and information collection on marine or coastal environment, weather condition, and risky or sensitive areas for oil spill accidents.
For marine debris control, it has been realized that most of countries in the world are aware of the severe consequences of marine debris pollution. The researches, measures, and policies about the marine debris control in Japan, Korea, Peru, China and Taiwan have been studied and listed in this report. The information of the marine debris from “International Coastal Cleanup” activities in Taiwan (R.O.C) and other countries has been collected to analyze the compositions of the marine debris and possible control methods. On the other hand, this study also shows the recently-updated microplastic information, including its impacts on the marine environment and ecology, and the restrictions of microplastic utilization in other countries. It is suggested that the source control of the microbeads will be the best way to reduce the marine microplastic pollution. Therefore, Taiwan EPA announced the draft of “Restrictions on the Manufacture, Import and Sale of Personal Care and Cosmetics Products Containing Microbeads” and the effective date for its enforcement. For the ballast water control, the study also has presented the analysis of the ballast water management around the world. Even more, the meeting of the “Management and Implementation of Control of the ship ballast water” was held, and the conclusions are also reported in this study to provide more information for the concerning authorities.
To prevent the marine pollution and achieve the goal of practicing the sustainable management for the fishery harbors, the promoting of the “Green Fishery Harbor” should be mainly divided in three aspects: the economic, the natural environment and the society., In order to help the authority of the fishery harbors finding the highlights of their harbors and the appropriate way to manage them based on different characters in line with the current trend of international development responsible fisheries, a plan of the on-site evaluation of the first class fishery harbors in Taiwan (R.O.C) has been adopted. The purpose of this plan is to create good recreation areas for the visitors by strengthening the sanitation and green landscaping of the harbor. For example, the smell and waste coming from fishery waste, dumped fishery gears and trash which can easily affect the visitors should be removed from the harbor and it also helps to reduce the marine pollution from all kinds of garbage dumping in the fishery harbor.
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