| 英文摘要 |
The goals of this project are to strengthen and put the management of stationary sources into practice through pragmatic review of related management systems and rules as well as be in concert with Clean Air Action Plan. Thus, this project divided into 5 major parts in accordance with the emission control strategies planned by Taiwan Clean Air Act. The 5 parts are 1) researched the strategy management of decreasing air pollution and increasing energy efficiency of stationary source, 2) continuous reviewed the permitting management system of stationary source of pollution, 3) supervised local organization to effectively implement permit management of stationary sources and improve review quality of review authorities, 4) reviewed and revised periodic testing management of stationary source, 5) added and expand information system management of stationary source and enhance controlled data quality.
To be in concert with Clean Air Action Plan, this project analyzed the fuel use and numbers of stationary source based on the data of air pollution fee at 2015. There were 20,323 stationary sources in Taiwan. The fuel types that stationary source used was oil in 53%, gas in 39%, coal only in 3%, solid waste in 1.9%, liquid and gas waste in 3.5%. Boilers were the most stationary sources and represented 76.2% of total stationary source; however, the 14,988 boilers did not be regulated by any specific emission standards. Therefore, this project promoted the administrative regulation and economic incentives management of commercial and institutional boilers. This project made air pollutants emission standards for boiler including particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. As well as, this project released boiler governing subsidies regulation to promote 163 old oil boilers to be modified or replaced to cleaner heating equipment. The emission reduction by the boiler governing subsidies regulation was estimated 85.29 tons/year in sulfur dioxide, 53.22 tons/year in nitrogen oxides and 11.3 tons/year in particulate matter. Otherwise, this project researches the management strategy for optimizing high energy consumption industries in other countries and analyzed the emission condition of boilers in Taiwan. The result of boiler emission condition showed positive trend between the pollutants emission heat-input-based and the years of use of boiler. Thus, this project made extension rule of stationary source permit to strengthen elimination of old boiler.
In respect of permit management system, this project review stationary source permits management regulation to integrate emission management systems and complete relative administrative processes for achieving the goal that unify the amount of emission between permit management system and approved emission in total quantity control system. Besides, to unify the affected sources between permit management system and total quantity control system, this project researched in adding the condition of the ninth announcement. Thus, by “unify the amount of emission” and “check the operating condition”, this project made sure to achieve the goal of emission reduction and complete the relative regulation of total quantity control. This project also executed permit performance evaluation to local authorities. The performance evaluation targeted boiler which used high pollutant-exhausted fuel, stationary sources which used hazard air pollutants as raw material, stationary sources which get total quantity control approval at in Kaohsiung and Ping-Tung Areas, specific control industries and as well as stationary sources which were not compliant and should be corrected. Then, this project executed 230 times performance evaluation to local authorities and 20 times to authorized offices. The results of performance evaluation showed that the responsibility of compliant problems was almost the same between local authorities (51%) and public or private place (49%). The compliant problem most are emission standard and amount check, inconsistency between permit operating processes and practice processes as well as mistakes of recorded items. Therefore, this project researched permit executive staff then discovered the high turnover rate of permit executive staff; it resulted in lack of experience of permit executive staff and cause regulation implemented ineffectively. Thus, according to the results of permit performance evaluation, this project researched each permit review cases for revising permit review principles. Otherwise, to offer each local administrative authority the list of unlisted factories, this project compared the listed between stationary pollution sources management information system and other relative business registration information system then required each local administrative authority to investigate totally 1,090 public or private places. The investigation resulted in 192 public or private places added in stationary pollution sources management information system. Among the 192 public or private places, 133 places should pay air pollution fee and 24 places should apply stationary pollution sources permit.
For controlling hazard air pollutant, this project step by step brought 13 hazard air pollutants which were levied air pollution fee into permit review management and made a comparison with different database to require each local authorities to inventory 692 public or private places in this year (2017). There were 22 public or private places which were required to apply stationary pollution source permit and 21 public or private places which were listed into stationary pollution source permit management system. This project also referred the management mode of the United States and South Coast to propose overall permit management and prevention of hazard air pollutants as well as draft periodic testing management for vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). In conclusion, for bringing hazard air pollutants into permit management system, there should primarily strengthen health risk assessment and management, best available technology and relative control regulation. In aspect of semiconductor industry and dry cleaning industry emission standards, this project collect explanatory letter over the years and common problems from local authorities for references of revising relative regulation. In aspect of semiconductor industry air pollutants control and emission standards, this project redefined the conditions about control principles , added emission standard for single exhaust pipe in whole factory emission amount management and also returned the rules about continuous emission monitoring systems in this regulation to stationary pollution source continuous emission monitoring systems management regulation. Otherwise, this project reviewed the difference between practice and regulation about dry cleaning industry then discovered that only 86,000 NTD of air pollution fee was levied from dry cleaning industry over the past four years. There were not significantly increasing unit price of VCM (about 147 NTD/kg), however the processing cost of waste solvent were significant increasing (about 800 NTD/kg). Therefore, the operators were with a will to replace the equipment which used VCM and did not need the subsidy of replacement of VCM equipment. Otherwise, the operators could save 16 times solvent cost if they replace VCM solvent.
To response the doubt about periodic testing management from congressman and various quarters, this project surveyed public or private places, competent authorities, analysis institutions, professionals and scholars by questionnaire and finally returned 146 questionnaires. This project primarily strengthened the practice of supervision of detection by revising the way of notification from operators to local authorities to become internet notification at the tenth rule of periodic testing management regulation as well as adding the fourth frequency of periodic testing. Otherwise, to strengthen the application of testing database, this project required local authorities to offer testing data that was implemented by subsidy of EPA air pollution foundation to stationary pollution sources management information system. This project compared 595 boiler testing results between periodic testing and inspecting testing. The analysis results showed that particulate matter had the most significant difference, and there were 54% average difference between periodic testing and inspecting testing. Moreover, 60% boilers that had over one times average difference between periodic testing and inspecting testing were fixed-bed coal boilers, it was necessary to supervise emission condition of fixed-bed boilers.
The sustainability of stationary pollution sources system depended on the renewal and running of big database from permit management, emission amount report, periodic testing and stationary pollution sources inventory. The database could offer complete information for researching and planning in every control strategies. To enforce stationary pollution source information management, this project completed management tools of environmental impact assessment ration system and lateral linkage, enforce reviewing tool of online reporting system of fuel that easy to product air pollutants, added new application functions of geographic information systems, contacted data of pollutant concentration, wind direction and wind speed from air quality detection system of EPA, EPB and specific industrial area ,as well as added function that could indicate immediate information, trend and wind rose. From the aspect of information quality improvement work, a total of 20,914 factories have more than 180,000 pollution sources; Therefore, the data inspection operation this year has already been executed for eleven times with 89% average compliance rate until December first in order to maintain the system and data quality.
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