環境資源報告成果查詢系統

環境與健康風險評估技術建立專案工作

中文摘要 本計畫以高雄大林蒲沿海六里現地監測資料，評估當地居民健康風險，並鑑定危害物來源。雖然本計畫亦進行增量風險推估，但在風險的呈現上，仍以較能代表居民實際暴露的總量風險為主，以免造成混淆。本研究利用2017-2018年四季環境監測資料，包括周界空氣、水體、水產類、蔬菜及土壤的採樣分析結果，進行揮發性有機物(VOCs)、多環芳香烴化合物(PAHs)、戴奧辛(PCDD/Fs)、PM10中金屬等物質之致癌及非致癌健康風險估算(包含吸入、食入及皮膚接觸)。雖然本計畫在每季僅3天的採樣筆數下，進行污染物5年濃度回溯、風險評估及污染來源鑑定，估算結果會有一定程度的不確定性，但仍可作為未來決策參考之用。本研究結果顯示，該地區各項監測污染物濃度並無顯著空間差異，但空氣污染物濃度冬季高於夏季。在考量不同污染物暴露後對相同標的器官之相加效應下，計算小孩、成人及老年人總量健康風險，其中以老年人(70歲年齡層)之致癌風險最高，如白血病風險為5.410-4 (95% UL=1.510-3)、呼吸道系統為6.210-4 (95% UL=2.310-3)、肝癌為1.610-4 (95% UL=4.610-4)、胃癌為2.810-6 (95% UL=4.410-6)、腎腫瘤為1.910-5 (95% UL=5.410-5)、血管瘤為1.110-4 (95% UL=2.510-4)、皮膚癌為1.510-6 (95%UL=3.910-5)。非致癌風險結果僅丙烯醛(HQ=2.9 (95% UL為7.5))超過規範(HQ>1)。引起上述健康風險之重要污染物為苯、1,3-丁二烯、氯乙烯、丙烯腈、1,2-二氯乙烷及丙烯醛，其濃度有逐年下降趨勢。該地區周界苯主要來自於工業(包括石化)(49%)、交通(33%)及油氣揮發(18%)；1,3-丁二烯大部分為交通排放(79%)，而石化工業影響佔21%；氯乙烯、丙烯腈、1,2-二氯乙烷主要受到石化工業影響；丙烯醛雖為非致癌物，但仍應注意住家室內產生源。
中文關鍵字 健康風險評估、環境監測、污染來源鑑識

基本資訊

專案計畫編號 EPA-106-1605-02-02 經費年度 106 計畫經費 5240 千元
專案開始日期 2017/10/01 專案結束日期 2018/12/24 專案主持人 陳裕政
主辦單位 環檢所 承辦人 李世偉 執行單位 財團法人國家衛生研究院國家環境醫學研究所

成果下載

類型 檔名 檔案大小 說明
期末報告 EPA10616050202.pdf 12MB 期末報告定稿本

Establish Environmental and Health Risk Assessment Technology

英文摘要 This study investigated the environmental exposures to pollutants from multiple medians (ambient, water, soil, fish and vegetable) and assessed health risks for child, adult and elderly populations in a residential area near Kaohsiung Linhai Industrial Park in southern Taiwan. Three daily samples with measurements (VOCs, metals, PAHs, dioxin) were collected from multiple sites and multiple exposure medians (ambient, soil, water, fish and vegetable) for four seasons in 2017-2018. We then evaluated the non-cancer and cancer risks of specific pollutants with probabilistic distributions by performing the Monte-Carlo simulation. The results from measurements and dispersion model (AERMOD) were then compared. We also used the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to quantify potential sources of ambient VOCs and PM10-bound metals. After intergrating cancer risk with the same target organs for elders (70 years old, with the highest health risk), leukemia was 5.410-4 (95% UL=1.510-3), respiratory system cancer was 6.210-4 (95% UL=2.310-3), liver cancer was 5.210-4 (95% UL=2.110-3), stomach cancer was 2.810-6 (95% UL=4.410-6), Kidney cancer was 1.910-5 (95% UL=5.410-5), hemangiosarcomas was 1.110-4 (95% UL=2.510-4) and skin cnacer was 1.510-6 (95%UL=3.910-5). As to non-cancer risk, the hazard quotient (HQ) for acrolein was 2.9, exceeding guideline limits set by USEPA. The most concerned pollutants resulting above health effects are benzene, 1,3-butadiene, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, 1,2-dichloroethane, and acrolein, and those decline with following yeras. Potential sources of benzene were industrial emission (including petrochemical) (49%), traffic-related emission (33%) and gasoline evaporation (18%). 1,3-butadiene were related to traffic-related emission (79%) and petrochemical industrial emission (21%). Vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile and 1,2-dichloroethane were associated with petrochemical industrial emissions. As to the non-carcinogen of acrolein, the attention for the concentration generated from domestic indoor activities needs to be paid.
英文關鍵字 Health risk assessment, Environmental monitoring, source apportionment