| 英文摘要 |
To realize the trend of the air pollutant emissions in Taiwan, Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) publish the Taiwan Emission Data System (TEDS) for the purpose of the policy control, updated every three years and corrected in the next year. The main execution of annual project is to estimate the air pollution emission inventory which the base year is 2016 (TEDS 10). The output of the emission inventory in schedule includes the total emissions by counties and cities in 2016 offered to related departments, the trend of the emissions in the future years and the grid emission in one square kilometers resolution for model simulating. The annual achievements are:
Ι. The setting of the latest version of the national emission inventory in 2016
1. Stationary source: The first version of the emissions of the public and private places managed by EPA is computed. The public and private places are included in TEDS 10 when the emissions are achieved the standard, which one of the emissions achieve 1 kilogram per year in whole factory. The total factories in TEDS 10 are 14,034 (14,844 in TEDS 9). The annual pollutants for Total Suspension Particle (TSP), Nitrogen Oxide (NOX), Sulfur Oxide (SOX), Particle Matter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) and Non-Methane Hydrocarbon (NMHC) are 35,105, 156,502, 83,490, 16,725 and 80,124 (ton/year). Compared with TEDS 9, the emissions of TSP, NOX and SOX are decreased and the emissions of PM2.5 and NMHC are increased.
2. Mobile source: The estimation of the mobile source inventory in 2016 and the active intensities and emission factors to year 2016 or later year is updated. The total air pollutants for TSP, Particle Matter less than 10 micrometers (PM10), PM2.5, SOX, NOX, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Total Hydrocarbon (THC), NMHC and lead (Pb) are 30,240, 20,980, 16,847, 141, 184,204, 345,767, 118,823, 109,668 and 19 (ton/year). Most of the pollutants are decreased compared with TEDS 9, expect that TSP is increased in 1%.
3. Fugitive source: The estimate methodology, active intensity, emission factor and control factor are mainly updated. The process of the establishment are to examine the reference and the data consistency, to ensure the data traceability, and to use the domestically investigated data as much as possible, including the emission factor of catering and agricultural burning. The estimation of the dust area of the bare ground is distinguished from event type and non-event type emissions based on the meteorological observation data and soil type to estimate the emission and to highlight the differences in emission patterns everywhere. The total air pollutants for TSP, PM10, PM2.5, Condensable Particulate Matter (CPM), SOX, NOX, THC, NMHC and CO are 310,053, 113,504, 27,658, 457, 37,596, 50,002, 414,032, 331,554 and 68,184 (ton/year).
4. Spatial allocation: The emission database of spatial allocation indicators is collected and updated, and all counties, cities, towns and 1 square kilometers grid allocation are done. The traffic volumes of traffic database from Freeway Bureau, Ministry of Communications, are used, and the allocated indicators of the active intensity of mobile source on freeway are updated.
ΙΙ. Emission trend and situation control measure for emission reduction
1. Estimation of natural growth in the next few years: The evaluation model, called "Long-range energy alternatives planning system" (LEAP), is used to compute the natural trend in the next few years.
2. Simulation of reduction situation control: "Air pollution control action plan", formulated by Executive Yuan, and the regulations or drafts for tightening the standards related to control of air pollutants emission from stationary source, are referred to simulate the reduction situation control.
3. Emission trends for temporal variation: The temporal scales, including month, week and hour, is used to find the indicators of the activities for every temporal scales.
ΙΙΙ. Quality control and review analysis in the inventory
The principle of the quality assurance and the operation of the exclusive methods drafted by the plan are referred to check the reasonability of all available data. The air quality models are used to examine the abnormal emission source in TEDS 10. The first version of TEDS 10 including estimate methods and results are compared with TEDS 9 to analysis the variability and reasonableness.
ΙV. Implementation results from Emissions management plan
2018 emissions management plan is completed. All working items are submitted by county and city government before 30th Sep. Work items reported by local environmental protection bureau every year, include: basic energy usage survey and database for particle ratio in discharge pipes. Work items reported selectively include: general bare ground, catering, driving dust, surveys for folk belief activity, designed stationary source activity intensities and events for exhaust gas burning tower usage. All submitted items from local governments, whose review comments are replied, are scored for its completeness and reasonableness before 30th Nov.
V. Green national product (GNP)
2017 GNP, including related air pollutants in each air quality area and emissions by industry, is submitted to Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting, and Statistics, Executive Yuan.
VΙ. Latest dynamic data collection analysis, TEDS webpage update and maintenance, and related execution work:
1. Aggregate of latest overseas emission inventories: The latest emission inventories and related estimation tools in Europe, America, China, Japan and Korea are collected. Demographic data are suggested to be included in stationary source in the future. Bottom-up model is suggested to be applied in mobile source in the future. Pollutants like cooking and smoking emissions are suggested to be included in fugitive source in the future.
2. The emission factor files and the webpage links of TEDS website is updated regularly, and the security of TEDS website is checked and improved.
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