| 英文摘要 |
For the aspects of marine debris control policy studying, it has been realized that most of countries in the world have noticed the seriousness of marine debris pollution. The researches and information of coastal marine debris in the recent years are collected and organized in this report. Marine pollution control laws and policies of France are also collected in order to analyze the Marine Pollution Control Act of Taiwan (R.O.C) and it is suggested as a important reference for the future marine pollution control policy making or law amendment. On the other hand, this study also presents the latest information regarding the impacts of microplastics on the marine environment or ecology around the world. Furthermore, the latest bans, restriction order of plastic use in other countries are also listed to show the efforts of microplastics pollution control around the world. It is suggested that the control of the source of the microbeads should be the best way to reduce the marine microplastic pollution. However, Taiwan already enforced the regulatory restrictions on the manufacture, import and sale of personal care and cosmetics products containing microbeads in January of 2018.Domestic cosmetics and personal cleaning products containing plastic particles shall not be manufactured or imported (since July 1, 2018) as of January 1, 2018. It is expected that disposable plastic bags will not be provided free of charge on January 1, 2018. The number of operators will increase from 20,000 to 100,000.
Since the Marine Pollution Control Act was adopted, the authorities learned lots of experiences by dealing with all kinds of sea pollution or shipwreck incidents happened before. At the same time, the experiences of immediate response, organization, and operation of the pollution control were also accumulated. However, because some practical problems resulted from the limited funds of operation, regional immediate response, and the maintenance of pollution control equipment issues, the efficacy of immediate response of oil spill pollution was affected and cumbered. Through monitoring the maintenance and preparedness of oil response equipment of local authorities, strengthening the response of oil spill incidents, and researching the solution of the oil pollution, the efficacy of the immediate response of marine pollution shall be improved and the spread of oil pollution shall decrease to protect the marine environment.
According to the Marine Pollution Control of Act, oil and gas transportation in public/private places, marine engineering and sea dumping will be allowed only by the approval of the authorities. In order to confirm no pollution occurred in public and private places, the ship owner should submit their marine pollution contingency plan for the evaluation. Therefore, the study assisted in the examination of these plans submitted by ship owners and make suggestions to improve them. This study also conducts the current check of the ability of immediate response system and maintenance of the equipment based upon the submitted plans and provides practical advice to help the authorities and ship owners. Finally, the suggested information will be reviewed as the feedback for potential future regulatory amendment in the Oil Pollution Emergency Equipment Evaluation Review and Research Conference.
This study arranged all the risk management maps and equipment list of local government, analyzed the current power of immediate response system and was responsible for the evaluation and suggestion in the “Oil Pollution Emergency Response Practice/Table Exercise Conference” and “Marine Pollution Emergency Response Equipment and Equipment Review Conference”. In order to maintain the oil pollution emergency response systems build by EPA in Taiwan, this study also helped EPA to establish real-time strategic or administrative support for marine pollution incidents, to make drafting and keep contingency of pollution clearance program or technical support, to collect the basic functional requirements and specifications of oil pollution contingent materials and the acceptance procedures and priorities, and finally, to develop materials procurement to strain the feasibility of joint procurement supply contract to handle the assessment. By strengthening the current synergy of contingency work, specific advice on marine pollution can be formulated, and s an immediate administrative support to cope with marine pollution incidents can be established. These work should effectively enhance the overall operational efficiency at the scene of immediate response to marine pollution
According to the “Vibrant Ocean and Green Harbor - Building Green Harbor Strategy”, from the “Water Environment and Quality Improvement and Management Plan” approved by Executive Yuan, a series of marine pollution control assessment for the first category fishing ports in Taiwan were held in 2017 and finished on November 13th in 2017. According to the results of the assessment, all nine first category fishing ports operate well in the regards of the vision of the sustainable management, the plan of the marine pollution control, the immediate response of marine debris cleaning, and the promotion of no trash dumping policy of ships. The results also suggested that all ports in Taiwan shall continue their efforts toward becoming “Green Harbor” in the future.
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