| 英文摘要 |
The control of environmental pests gives the most weight to the improvement of the environmental sanitation. The use of insecticides can achieve immediate results; however, the efficacy of it lies in understanding pests’ habit, monitoring outbreak of pests, choices of pesticides, and regular inspection of pests’ resistance to insecticides. Thus, integrated pest-controlling plans can be made. The purposes of the project were to monitor the species and densities of the pests, which were mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, moth flies, bed bugs and dust mites, and also establish the pests’ population in the laboratory. The research, which adopted the 2015-formed insecticide discrimination dose or diagnostic dose (concentration), undertook the tests of 5 environmental agents on flies and cockroaches to examine the insecticide susceptibility, the multiple resistance and the residual effect of cockroach baits on various floor materials, thereby conducting the research to set techniques for cockroach bait efficacy testing.
The investigation of species and density of environmental pests, which included mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, moth flies, bed bugs and dust mites, was completed. The species of mosquitoes found in Northern City B, Northern City C, Central City A, Southern City A and Southern City B included Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus. The density peak of mosquitoes in Northern City B, Central City A and Southern City B appeared in July. The species of cockroaches found in Northern City A, Northern City D, Northern City E and Central City B included Blattella germanic, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta brunnea and Pycnoscelus surinamensis. The density peak of cockroaches in Northern City E and Central City B appeared in July and in June respectively. Species of flies found in Central City B, Central City C, Southern City A and Southern City B included Musca domestica, Chrysomia megacephala and Cimex lectularius. The density peak of flies in Central City B and Southern City B both appeared in May. Species of dust mites found in Northern City B, Northern City C, Central City A, Southern City A and Southern City B included Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farina and species of moth flies, which were found in the same above cities, were Telmatoscopus albipunctatus and Psychods alternate. The density peak of moth flies in Central City A and in Southern City B both appeared in May and that in Taipei appeared in July. The investigation of species and affected areas of bed bugs in Northern City D and Northern City A were completed. Wild strains of all these environmental pests were raised in our laboratory for further studies of insecticides susceptibilities test.
Tetramethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, propoxur, fipronil and imidacloprid were tested on wild colonies of cockroaches caught in the east, west, south, north, and central areas of Kaohsiung City, Central City A and in the east, west and central areas of Northern City C. The result showed that B. germanica of Gushang Dist. in Southern City Bwere resistant to propoxur and P. americana of Daliao Dist., and Gushang Dist. were also resistant to propoxur. Strains of B. germanica and P. Americana in both Central City A and Northern City C did not show resistance to these insecticides.
Tetramethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, propoxur, fipronil and imidacloprid were also tested on wild colonies of cockroaches and flies caught in the south, north and central area of Southern City B, Central City A and Northern City C. The result showed that all the strains of M. domestica showed resistance to tetramethrin, pirimiphos-methy, propoxur and imidacloprid; the result showed that Nanzi strain in Southern City B, West strain in Central City A, and Banqiao strain in Northern City C were not resistant to fipronil; also the result showed that West strain in Central City A did not show resistance to tetramethrin. In sum, the test on the strains of M. domestica showed multiple resistance except for those in Nanzi, West and Banqiao Districts. C. megacephala of Gangshan Dist., Fongshan Dist. and Nanzi Dist. in Southern City Band those of Xizhi Dist. and Bali Dist. in Northern City C showed multiple resistance. However, C. lectularius of Gangshan Dist., Fongshan Dist. and Nanzi Dist. in Southern City B, those of Daya Dist., Nantun Dist. and Shalu Dist. in Central City A and those of Sanxia Dist. and Banqiao Dist. in Northern City C were resistant to imidacloprid.
Residual effect of tetramethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, propoxur, fipronil and imidacloprid on four floor materials (wood, tile, plastic pad, and carpet) were tested on strains of B. germanica and P. americana. According to the test results, the insecticides tested on tiles showed the best efficacy.
The results of this project can provide effective scientific references for pest controlling services, public health insecticides manufacturers, environmental protection agencies and the public. Moreover, the results can not only establish the techniques of monitoring environmental pests and pest control, but also form a healthy, strong and overall control system, so as to avoid inappropriate use of insecticides and multiple damages to environment and human body and thus to reinforce the management of environmental agents.
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