107至108年度光化學評估監測站操作品保例行性計畫
| 中文摘要 | 環保署自民國92年起於臺中市崇倫公園架設第一座光化測站，至今已完整設置了10座固定光化學評估監測站及3座行動光化測站，透過資料的品保與品管技術，使得光化監測網穩定運行超過15年，各站54個揮發性有機化合物的逐時資料，計畫執行期間數據可用率為90%以上，無論數據品質、長度與完整性，全世界均有目共睹，不但為臺灣針對臭氧問題而進行之環境監測所累積之最寶貴的資產，同時有助於環保署實施空氣污染總量管制，使臺灣的空氣品質逐漸獲得改善。透過多年之觀測資料，得知一次污染物濃度雖走向改善趨勢，但是二次污染物的臭氧改善趨勢並不明顯，故可利用光化測站資料進行研究，探討臺灣地區大氣中之揮發性有機化合物的特徵，並搭配空品測站資料進行分析比較，進而有效改善大氣中臭氧濃度偏高的問題。 目前臺灣光化站內所使用之監測設施係採用美國Perkin Elmer公司自動揮發性有機化合物分析系統作為光化站主要監測設施，整體系統包含熱脫附儀、氣相層析儀／火焰離子偵測器、氣體產生機、標準氣體、空壓機及控制電腦等裝置，其中，熱脫附儀及氣相層析儀／火焰離子偵測器為主要分析儀器。為確保光化站高運轉率及產出正確性數據，除仰賴修訂測站品管操作手冊及品保查核手冊外，並且落實執行此兩本手冊所規範事項，另於計畫執行期間持續檢討測站現場查核細項，並針對測站周遭環境維護、測站品保手冊、測站安全設施、資深人員不定期查核及行動測站氣象設備查核等項目進行查核程序。 本計畫完成各項工作：(1) 完成10個監測站及3個監測車雙月現場查核工作，各測站有部分缺失，包括圖譜出現雜訊、層析峰出現拖尾、管線銹蝕、降溫晶片結冰、安全旬維護紀錄表、設備旬維護紀錄表及安全及設備月紀錄表未放測站或出現圖譜分析不完全等。所有缺失經由反映後，維護廠商均將其改善，持續維持系統穩定，降低重複出現缺失的機率。亦完成不定期查核，其主要在於避免例行性查核慣性造成查核盲點，此部份由計畫主持人至各測站查核，發現各測站整體維護作業並無重大缺失事項，其他缺失事項也於事後複查時改善。(2) 數據品質查核，各測站之數據保全工作經與儀器維護廠商維護人員確認保存完整外，同時也確認均已備份至第二存放點於儀器維護廠商移動式硬碟內；原始數據紀錄與傳送數據查核結果發現，各測站數據筆數吻合。歸納資料可用率未達90%的原因與改善建議分為兩大項，分別為儀器元件耗損導致可用率下降、標準品查核超過偏差 (±15%)。(3) 標準品查核之查核頻率為每月一次，每3日施打標準品，次一工作日品保單位會立即管控標準品是否超出允收標準，如超過標準會立即請維護單位確認原因並追蹤改善結果，品保單位須依此判定該月定性定量之基準。(4) 依據品保查核手冊之系統及績效查核項目包括方法偵測極限、檢量線與檢量線確認、空白樣品查核、精密性及績效查核等五項工作，本查核之工作由測站維護商於測站執行，本計畫負責將資料彙整並進行統計。(5) 氣象設備查核主要針對監測車之風向、風速計進行查核，各監測車之氣象查核均符合允收範圍。(6) 維護廠商均有按預定期程進行各別測站的年度保養。(7) 蒐集國內外光化站運作及品保相關資訊及監測數據分析、運用成果。 不論測站所在位置位於都會區、工業區或兩種區域共存之型式，在不同測站各物種均有各自之變化趨勢，但是主要多為逐年下降的趨勢。另外，數據經由臭氧最大增量反應 (MIR) 的轉換，求得各測站前五位的臭氧貢獻化合物，以甲苯 (Toluene)、間,對-二甲苯 (m,p-Xylene)、乙烯 (Ethylene)、丙烯 (Propylene) 四個貢獻量較大，第五個有鄰-二甲苯 (o-Xylene)、1,2,4-三甲基苯 (1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene)，僅臺西站、潮州站有異戊二烯 (Isoprene)，此為特殊的生物源排放物質，其歷年總臭氧生成潛勢亦有歷年下降的趨勢。 | ||
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| 中文關鍵字 | 揮發性有機化合物、光化學評估監測站、品保查核 | ||
基本資訊
| 專案計畫編號 | EPA-107-FA01-03-A098 | 經費年度 | 107 | 計畫經費 | 7967.6 千元 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 專案開始日期 | 2018/03/01 | 專案結束日期 | 2020/04/30 | 專案主持人 | 王介亨 |
| 主辦單位 | 監資處 | 承辦人 | 陳彥君 | 執行單位 | 國立中央大學 |
成果下載
| 類型 | 檔名 | 檔案大小 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 期末報告 | 1091216-107-108年總結報告.pdf | 22MB | 總結報告 |
Quality Assurance and Data Validation on Ozone precursor Monitoring from Photochemical Assesment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) in 2018-2019
| 英文摘要 | Nine stationary photochemical assessment monitoring stations (PAMS) has been constructed since its first station being established in Taichung city in 2003. A set of quality assurance and control routines has gradually evolved into a standardized procedure to ensure data quality. Monitoring data of 54 target compounds from any one of the nine stations can now be assessable to users. For certain stations, data length of more than 10 years was achieved and readily assessable in the database with a data completion rate over 85%, which constitutes the most valuable asset in the systematic study of ozone problems in Taiwan. With the active implementation of total air pollution control by the Environmental Protection Administration, air quality is gradually improving in Taiwan. While the concentrations of primary pollutants are decreasing, the concentrations of secondary pollutants keep increasing especially ozone. In order to better understand the characteristics of ozone, including ozone precursors, nine stationary photochemical assessment monitoring stations and two mobile photochemical assessment monitoring laboratories were established for air monitoring to completely comprehend the pollution characteristics of the major photochemically polluted areas in Taiwan. The Perkin Elmer Co. built automatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analytical systems are utilized in the PAMS as the primary photochemical monitoring equipment. The whole system consists of a pre-concentrating device, a thermal desorption unit, a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector, gas generators, standard gas, an air compressor and a controlling computer. In addition to the internal quality control steps taken in the monitoring station, the operational effectiveness of the system in PAMS and the accuracy of the data generated by the instrument were assured by the scheduled and unscheduled external on-site quality assurance audits. We used the data produced by this project from 104 to 108 years and analyzed and sorted by the annual average concentration, and the box-and-whisker diagram changes in the past five years are drawn using the average annual concentration of eight main compounds. Regardless of whether the station is located in a metropolitan area, an industrial area, or a type where the two regions coexist, each species has its own changing trend at different stations, but the main trend is to decline year by year. In addition, the data was converted through the maximum incremental reaction (MIR) of ozone to obtain the top five ozone-contributing compounds of each station. Toluene, m,p-xylene, ethylene and propylene have four major contributions. The fifth one has o-xylene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, only Taixi and Chaozhou Station have isoprene, which is a special biological source emission material, and its total ozone generation potential has also been declining over the years. | ||
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| 英文關鍵字 | Volatile Organic Compounds, VOC, Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations, PAMS, Quality Assurance Audit | ||