| 英文摘要 |
(1)Execution of street flushing
A total of 68,331.3km of roads and streets were flushed during the project for 102% of completion rate. The statistics show that 75,988.83 tons of water was used for street flushing, which translates into approximately 0.98~1.22 tons/km used, averaging 1.11 tons/km. The result met the water use specified in the contract and the specifications in the EPA operation handbook.
(2)Performance evaluation for the street flushing
To evaluate the performance of reduction in the street flushing and establish the road emission coefficients of the city, 96 spots were selected on 16 roads and streets in the street cleaning project for street dust load testing and sample analysis before and after the flushing. Before the street flushing, the average silt load was 0.21g/m2 and street dust load 1.06g/m2; the average road class was classified as Class B according to the street dust load control target of EPA. After the street flushing, on the other hand, the average silt load dropped to 0.08g/m2 and street dust load 0.47g/m2; therefore the average road class was improved to Class A. The average silt reduction was 60.8%, and average street dust reduction 55.5% as calculated, indicating that the street dust loads across the city decreased effectively thanks to the regular flushing of dusty streets.
(3)Estimated pollution reduction
The project statistics show that a total of 68,331.3km of streets and roads were flushed using machines. The estimation using EPA’s reduction equation (reduction ＝ length of streets flushed × reduction coefficient) suggested a reduction of 943.0 tons of TSP, 177.7 tons of PM10 and 41.5 tons of PM2.5.
(4)Road dirt survey
A road dirt survey was conducted on 1,433 roads and streets for a total length of 4,908.84km, including 1,202 Class A roads (4,047.18 km or 82.4%), 231 Class B roads (861.66 km or 17.6%) and no Class C road. The percentage of Class B roads was greater in the urban roads as the traffic factor had greater influence. Also, some dirty roads and streets were reported for improvement during the survey and 40 streets were cleaned.
(5)Integration of city-wide street flushing and sweeping resources
The street cleaning data were collected throughout the city on a regular basis. The Class B roads and major influence factors were provided every month to the cleaning squadrons and the units in charge of cleaning for follow-ups. Departments involved in road management were assembled for a “street cleaning cooperation and coordination meeting.” The project statistics show that a total of 562,092.9 km of roads and streets were cleaned and swept during the project, including 31,970.2 km under the watch of the constructions sections of Directorate General of Highways, MOTC; 413,387.4 km under the jurisdiction of Environmental Protection Bureau branches (Air and Noise Management Office, Waste Management Office, cleaning squadrons); 1,821.3 km under the adoption of local businesses; 42,063.0 km adopted by the service centers of local industrial parks (science parks) across the city; and 36,851.0 km adopted by construction sites. The reduction of TSP was estimated to be approximately 7,234.9 tons.
(6)Road adoption by local businesses
65 local businesses signed their agreements to adopt streets and roads during the project, and the adoptions were reported online through the reporting mechanism for statistics. The length of roads adopted for cleaning was 1,821.3 km during the project. Every month at least 30 businesses of adoption were selected for audits on quantity and quality. In total 406 audits were conducted.
(7)Emergency response to deteriorating air quality
Street flushing was called for as a part of emergency response efforts for the air quality deterioration warning of EPA. The emergency flushing was performed on 173 day-times for 38,718.5 km of streets in total; it is estimated to reduce 534.3 tons of TSP.
(8)Improvement of road pollution by farming machines
2 campaign presentations were provided for the improvement of farming pollution at the districts where there is a high percentage of rice farming and 87 local people participated in these presentations. Also, during the 1st and 2nd rice crop seasons, a patrol tour was conducted over roads of high pollution risk. In total 40 roads of high pollution were patrolled and 25 cases of farming pollution reported.
(9)Active control measures
A.Emergency response measures against air quality deterioration
B.Establishment of joined reporting mechanism for dirty roads
C.Assistance for the bureau in campaign efforts
D.Reporting for street cleaning for the control and reduction plan of Environmental Protection Administration for air pollutant emission from fugitive pollution sources
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