| 英文摘要 |
The guideline of the efficacy test for environmental pesticides issued and implemented in 2001 stated that the insecticidal efficacy of environmental pesticides can only be guaranteed after they have passed the efficacy test, no matter whether they are applied for family or professional use. Moreover, the guideline contains a test method and specification for the efficacy of mosquito repellent agent and spray (glass column method, glass chamber method, and glass room method) against a variety of environmentally harmful organisms. Up to current time, this procedure has been carried out for more than 15 years. As environmental pesticides have kept pace with the times in diversified forms, many new drug forms have appeared, yet the original specifications have lost their applicability. As such, the current specifications need to be reanalyzed and evaluated, and a new efficacy test specification needs to be established. In 2017, a re-analysis and evaluation on the efficacy test method for 10 current environmental pesticides were completed, proving the necessity for modification; the managing technique specification against 14 testing insects was set up, along with the specification on test devices (including test apparatus for residual contact method, test apparatus for expelling crawling insects, devices for insect repellent test and mosquito repellent test, bait test devices, etc.). A re-evaluation was conducted on the established efficacy test methods, including the efficacy test technical specification of mosquito repellent agent, electric mosquito repellent agent, liquid electric mosquito repellent agent, and high-pressure spray against testing insects (glass column method, glass chamber method, glass room method, residual contact method, etc.). The efficacy test technical specification of emulsion, ultra-low capacity agent, and fumigant against testing insects was also set up. A technical specification for the efficacy test of baits, gel baits, tablets, and patches against reptile insects was put in place as well. The establishment of the efficacy test technical specification of new drug forms of environmental pesticides in Taiwan was also accomplished, including the efficacy test technical specification of space spray and anti-mosquito net against flying insects.
In 2018, this study completed a comparison of the reproducibility error between eight current codes, as well as the eight amended codes in 2017, namely the glass column method, glass chamber method, and glass room method. Tests were conducted on the time (KT50) for one half of vector mosquitoes to be killed in terms of mosquito coil forms, high-pressure spray and high-pressure spray (dust mite), and the reproducibility correlation coefficient of the 24-hour death rate. The results showed a significant correlation (p<0.05) in all of them. Here, KT50 of the glass room method failed to meet the efficacy test review standards, but all others were applicable. The efficacy test method of 3 commercially available emulsions and 5 commercially available sprays on crawling insects by using a residual effect contact method test device was completed, and all the emulsion and spray products met efficacy test standards and were applicable. However, the efficacy test results on flying insects by using the residual effect contact method test device were not significant, and thus the space spraying method should be used instead. The efficacy test method of tablet, granula, and pastille on crawling insects by using a repelling test device was completed, and the results showed that commercially available tablet products B and C failed to meet review standards, while 3 granulas and 3 pastilles were applicable. Granula and pastille can be added in the technical specifications for the tablet efficacy test developed in 2017. The efficacy test method of the commercially available tablet, granula, and pastille by using an insect control test device was completed. The method failed to meet the review standards for dermestidae in terms of tablet C, but was applicable to 3 granulas and 3 pastilles. Granula and pastille can be added in the technical specifications for the tablet efficacy test developed in 2017. The efficacy test method of 2 commercially available tablets by using a mosquito prevention test device was completed. The efficacy test standards were satisfied by all tablets, and the technical specifications were applicable. A reassessment of technical specifications regarding the efficacy test method of space spray and mosquito screen was completed, and the efficacy test standards were satisfied by both space spray and mosquito screen; therefore, the technical specifications developed in 2017 were applicable; however, KT50 of space spray by using the glass room method failed to meet the efficacy test review standards. The efficacy test method of a chemical mosquito repellent liquid for human use was established, as a reference for the preparation of subsequent efficacy test methods, in order to facilitate the business promotion of chemical mosquito repellent for human use. A necessary amendment has been made as to the suitability of the current efficacy test method, providing a reference for a future amendment to the published efficacy test method, which meets all the requirements in the final report.
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