| 英文摘要 |
(1) Environmental background and Trend of change
The amount of population in Tainan City is 1.884 million, and the density is 860 people/km2 which continues to grow every year. It is ranked sixth in six municipalities. The amount of factory in Tainan City is 9,390, and the density is 4.3 factories/km2. The amount of controlled list factory is 2,295 in which the plastic products industry is 392(17.1%), followed by the metal industry is 320 (13.9%), and then the gas station industry is 281 (12.2%) and metal surface treatment industry is 204 (8.9%). The amount of construction site in 2018 is 12,000, of which 4,965 at first class and 6,199 at the second class.
The amount of vehicles in Tainan is 1.983 million, and every person has 1.05 vehicles, of which the number of automobiles is 580,000 (29.2%), the scooter is 1,300,000 (65.5%) and diesel truck and minivan are 13,000 (0.7%) and 85,600 (4.3%), respectively. The number of vehicles in Tainan are continued growth in this decade, however, the scooter is negative growth from 2011. In the amount of fuel supply and gas stations were increase. The fuel supply is from 1,210,000 kiloliter in 2009 to 1,310,000 kiloliter in 2018, incline 7.6% in the past decade.
(2) Air Quality Status and Analysis
The percentage of bad air quality (AQI>100) in Tainan City was 23.7% and declined from 40.4% in 2014 to 23.7 in 2018, that improvement rate is 41.3%. In which, unhealthy for sensitive groups (AQI 101~105) was declined from 29.2% in 2014 to 19.86% in 2018; unhealthy for all group (AQI 151~200) was declined from 11% in 2014 to 3.8% in 2018; very unhealthy (AQI 201~300) was declines from 0.3% in 2014 to 0% in 2018 as well.
The concentration of air pollutants showed the improved trend in the past decade, in which the PM10 improvement rate in daily average is 27.3% and year average is 39.9%. At the meantime, both daily and year average from 2015 to 2018 were reached air quality standard; O3 hour average improvement rate was 19.6%, eight hours average improvement rate was 13.4%; SO2 annual average improvement rate was 29.5%, hour average improvement was 50%; NO2 annual average improvement rate of 22%, the hour average improvement rate was 52%; CO hour average improvement rate was 22.2%, eight hours average improvement rate was 18.6%; NMHC hour average improvement rate was 23.5%, eight hours average improvement rate was 26.6%.
(3)Environmental Protection Administration Executive Yuan using manual monitoring of PM2.5 from 2013, and the concentration is showing an improved trend in the past 5 years; PM2.5 annual average concentration was declined from 31.1μg/m3 in 2013 to 22.9 μg/m3 in 2018 that improvement rate was 26.4%. further, a 24-hour average concentration was declined from 82.0 μg/m3 in 2013 to 61.5 μg/m3 in 2018, the improvement rate was 25%. On the other hand, the automatic monitoring data of PM2.5 using the number which adjustment by the formula. The annual and 24-hour average concentrations in recent 5 years displayed the same improvement trend, annual average concentration was declined from 29.3μg/m3 in 2013 to 23.8 μg/m3 in 2018 that improvement rate was 18.8%; a 24-hour average concentration was declined from 71.1 μg/m3 in 2013 to 55.6 μg/m3 in 2018 that improvement rate was 21.8%.
(4)Analysis of emission source structure
According to the TEDS 9.0 emissions database and the results of this review update, each category of emission sources are TSP:27,803、PM10:12,300、PM2.5:5,573、SOx:3,973、NOx:23,334、NMHC:42,025(tons/year).
(5)Reviewing and revising the Tainan Air Pollution Control Strategy
Air pollution control targets in total with 63 items which including point, mobile, volatility sources and convenience measures. Overall, there is a good achievement rate in each project. Meanwhile, Particulate Matters Reduction and Control Plan for Clear ＆ Bright Sky that integrate eighteen bureaus to build the source control strategy and targets. This project assisted in the nine major prospects with 50 control schemes to improve the air quality of Tainan City.
SIP assisted to revise the air pollution control plans in 2018 in Tainan and planning of air pollution control targets and management strategy for 2015 to 2019. The target including (1) Reduce 50 proportion of PM2.5 in the concentration that above 35 μg/m3 in 2019; (2) Reach the secondary prevention zone in PM10 in 2019; (3) PM2.5 concentration continues to improve towards standards; 4.maintain Ozone in the secondary control zone. While the strategies in Tainan including point, mobile and volatility sources that total of 21 strategies and 63 control targets.
(6)The results of Air quality deterioration notification
According to the air quality information provided by the EPA every hour that when the air quality deteriorates (AQI>100) the message will be sent to LINE group and mobile phone text message to notify all projects and 10 government bureaus. The projects and 10 government bureaus have to respond to the prevention actions. When EPA forecast half monitor site in Tainan will over 150 (AQI>150) that the EPB needs to establish a command center. When the air quality deteriorates to AQI>200 that established command center by Tainan government and notify bureaus to stay in Emergency Response Center.
In 2018, the notification system sent 175 times in total for air quality AQI>100 and establish the command center 27 times. Comparison of the real AQI that unhealthy for all group is 14 days, unhealthy for the sensitive group is 111 days and between normal and good is 50 days.
(7)Manage the quality and effectiveness in each air quality control project
1.EPA published “the implementation results of air quality maintenance and improved performance in all counties and cities in 2017” in April 2018. According to the result that received "Top Quality Management in Air Quality Management" in the sixth municipalities. Noteworthy, the Particulate Matters Reduction and Control Plan for Clear ＆ Bright Sky Plan include the city's first cross-border control scheme has entered its fourth year, a total of 45 control schemes, through sources of cooperation and response, reducing sources of pollution. The originate public engineering project of environmental protection project that requires public works to be provided with environmental protection funds, bare cover, de responsible for cleaning the roads, and contractual inclusion of punitive clauses. It also requires construction vehicles to use stage four and five of the vehicle; mayor supports various air pollution control projects and has invested in the implementation of air pollution prevention and control, which is worthy of recognition.
2. At the beginning of the project, the "2018 Tainan City Air Quality Improvement Maintenance Measures Control Operation" was prepared to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of each project.
3.The results of each project in 2018: In the implementation of the key project, in which the "Diesel Vehicle Power Meter Exhaust Smoke Detection and Pollution Control Project" with highest scores. On the other hand, the "Strengthening the Street Dust Cleaning Project" with lowest scores, because, backward the targets.
(8)Maintenance and management of air quality purification zone
1. The number of air quality purification zone sites increased from 192 in 2011 to 231 in 2018, including 24 green parks, 52 green roads, 155 community green area, with a total area of 79.26 hectares and 74.25 km.
2. In 2018, the total of applications for subsidies was 7 places. After evaluate, all the applications were approved which covering an area of 0.2948 hectares. In addition, the total maintenance subsidies for purification areas was 130. After the review, all the subsidies was 2.31 million in total.
3. There is 231 air quality purification zone in Tainan. Each air quality purification zone have to self-management and maintenance the zone that evaluates by this project. The result was according to the evaluation of experts and scholars at the end of the year. Including 3 community green area, 2 green parks and 1 green road that reward from the mayor and head of EPB on 15 November of 2018.
4. Increasing the maintenance of the village, community, and enterprise to adoption and purification the areas. The air quality purification zone occupy by corporations have increased every year. In 2018, 192 air quality purification zone occupied by the corporations.
5. Tainan has won the EPA's “Excellent Approved Units for Air Quality Purification Areas and Awards” reward for five years. Five of air quality purification zone which applies were have awarded a prize.
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